vlwpfa,muf&JUtonf;udkb,fawmhrSrcGJygeJYvdkY uRefwmfh tarutNrJwrf;ajymcJhw,f
'Dawmh uRefawmftJh'dtpm; t&mtm;vHk;udkzsufqD;cJhw,f
uRefawmfhudk&dk;om;&r,fvdkY oltNrJwrf;ajymcJhw,f
'Dawmh uRefawmfhb0wpfckvHk; 'ku©awmxJrSmyJ aysmfjrL;cJhw,f
'gayr,fh aemufqHk;rSmawmh uRefawmfh&JU jydKifbufudkawGUcJhNyDvdkYxifwmyJ
ol 'DrSm&Sdaew,f
'D vrf;udkMunfhprf;
-awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f -bk&m;ocifaumif;csD;ay;ygap
cifAsm; 'Dta&mifygwJht&nfawGudkyJaomufawmhrvdkYvm;
'grSr[kwf enf;enf;jyif;wmav;rsm;aomufrvm;
ig ydkjyif;wmwpfckckyJaomufcsifw,f
'gqdk&if [dk;rSm&edkifw,f
emrwf&SdaAvf;
-csD;,m; -csD;,m;
ighu &l'&m yg
em'geD&JU 0rf;uGJtpfudkMuD;yg
-rif;ua&m -aumif;ygNyD igu0rf;uGJtpfudki,fygyJ
-'gayr,fh igu0rf;uGJtpfudkMuD;xufydkNyD;awmh &if;eSD;ygw,f -ig odygw,f
yg&Sum rSm t&Sifb&m[ef&JU
bk&m;ausmif; wpfausmif;yJ&Sdw,fqdkwmudk tm;vHk;odygw,f
bmjzpfvdkYvJ
t&Sif b&m[ef utjypftMuD;MuD;usK;vGefcJhvdkYaygh
'gu igh&JUOD;av; z&dkif;a';wJh
vmvefwD0g&D
olu 'DtdrfrSmyJMuD;jyif;vmwm
csD;,m;
ol&Jaumifrav;u 'DrSma[h
ol&Jaumifrav;u 'DrSm
tHhMop&myJ rdkufw,f
-ig rif;udkwpfckavmufajymvdkY&vm; -bmvJ
igu rzdwfyJeJYvmcJhwmyg ighudk rzdwfcJhbl;
ig 'Dreufcif;u 'ku©a&mufaecJhwm
vltcsdKU ighaemufudkvdkufwm
ig r*FvmaqmifvSnfhvmwJhvlwef;MuD;udkawGUawmh olwdkY rsufajcaysmufoGm;atmif 0ifvmcJhwmyg
rif;udk t0wftpm;awGqifjref;xm;wmawGUawmh vdkufvmcJhw,fvdkYxifwmyJ
rif;u {nfhonfeJYrwlygbl;
0dk; abmf'gMuD;
ol rif;udkwu,fyJa<uaeNyD
ig oleJYu&Hkav;yJucJhwmyg ig bmrSrvkyfcJhygbl;
rif;udk b,foluwm;rSmrvkdYvJ
qufvkyfvdkufyg
-tpfudk&l'&m tefzfac:aew,f -vmNyD
ig jyefvmcJhr,f
[vdk
emrnfb,fvdkac:vJ
&Sifhemrnfb,fvdkac:vJ
&m*sm
&m*sm rpf&S&m
&Sif uRefrudkwpfaeYvHk;vdkufMunfhaewmyJ
uRefr&JU vlawGudkajymvdkuf&if olwdkY &Sifhudkvm&dkufvdrfhr,f
ajymvdkufyg igraMumufygbl;
&Sifu raMumufbl;vm;
&SifhrSm &nf;pm;&Sdvm;
-olwdkYu Mum&SnfrcHygbl; -uRefrvnf; tJhvdkrjzpfcsifbl;
cPaeygtkef; cPav;
-t&ifqHk; rif;&JU emrnfudkajymjyygtkef; -bmtwGufvJ
igh&JU pm&if;xJrSmrSwfxm;rvdkYaygh eHywfpOf 155 yJ
&Sifu rkqdk;&dkif;MuD;yJ
rkqdk;u taumifav;awGudkowfw,f
ighu taumifav;awGudkigwdkYMum;rSm arG;xm;wm
-odNyD -[kwfNyD
-tm;vHk;jyifqifNyD;NyDvm; -[kwfuJh
-ig wdkY'DtvkyfudkrdepfoHk;q,ftwGif;NyD;atmifvkyf&r,f -[kwfuJhyg
igwdkY&JU tpDtpOfuawmh igwdkY tdrfxJudktwif;0ifMur,f
NyD;awmh rdom;pk0ifwdkif;udkowfr,f wGefYqkwf wGefYqkwfvkyfraeeJY
'gayr,fh yg&S&efudk igukd,fwdkifyJowfr,f
'DrSm igwdkY'DvdktcGifhta&;udkaemufwpfMudrfxyf&awmhrSmr[kwfbl;
em;axmif a[h 'Dtdrfudk 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufawmhr,f
vmvefwD0g&D 'Dudk olUvlq,fa,mufq,figha,mufavmuf aoewfawGeJYvmaeNyD
-bm -&l'&m
em;axmif
txJ0if vl,kwfrm vmprf;
'Dvrf;twdkif;oGm;
-tpfudk -aemufqkwf
vmvef rif; opömazmufaumif
rajy;eJY
ypfprf;
q&m oluuRefawmfoli,fcsif;yg
-uRefawmf olUudkzdwfcJhwmyg -aumif;NyD
'gayr,fh olu owdkYom;bufuaeygvmwmvdkY vlawGuajymaew,f
-bmt"dyÜg,fvJ -'DrSm
q&m uRefawmf{nfhonfvnf;r[kwfbl; rdom;pk0ifvnf;r[kwfygbl;
raeYu uRefawmf
uRefawmf wdkufcdkufcHae&w,f
vltcsdKU uRefawmfhudkvdkufNyD;wdkufcdkufaevdkYyg
olwdkYvdkufvmwmrsufajcaysmufoGm;atmifvdkY uRefawmf vlwef;MuD;eJYa&mNyD;ygvmwmyg
aumif;NyD igwdkYeJY &Jpcef;udkvdkufcJh
tufyDq&m igwdkY'Daumifav;udkaus;Zl;qyfoifhwJhtpm;
rif;u olUudkzrf;aewmvm;
ighrSm ar;p&m&Sdw,f om;av;
bmaMumifh rif;toufudk ightwGufpGefYpm;cJhwmvJ
&l'&m eJY uRefawmfeJYoli,fcsif;jzpfoGm;NyDav
rif; ckrScifwJholi,fcsif;twGuf rif;&JUb0udkpGefUpm;&wmvm;
[dkaumif opömazmufvmvefuawmh
'Daumifuav;b0uwnf;u 'DtdrfrSm igolUudkauR;arG;cJhwm
uRefawmfhrSm ar;p&mav;&Sdaew,f q&m
vmvefu q&mh&JUvl,Hkwpfa,mufjzpfae&if
'gqdk&if olubmaMumifh'DvdkrsdK;vkyf&wmvJ
tlwmy&uf&Sf &JUedkifiHa&;u vlwdkif;&JU vl,Hkav;awGudk&Sif;ypfaewmav
tck olwdkY&JUtoufudkightwGufpGefYvTwfcJhwJholawGuyJ
ightwGufawmh vl,HkawGyJ
uRefawmf vHk;0udkjyifqifoGm;cJhwmyg q&m
*suf*sDAef &JUvlawGvnf;uRefawmfeJYtwlygwmyJ
trSm;jzpfp&mtaMumif;udkr&Sdbl;
'gayr,fh [dkaumifeSpfaumifudk rif;&JUvlawGr,SOfedkifbl;av
bmaMumifh tNrJwrf;tJh'drSmeSpfa,muf&Sdae&wmvJ
q&mbmudkajymcsifwmvJ uRefawmfem;rvnfbl;
&dIav rSmvnf; eSpfa,muf&SdaewmyJav rSwfrdvm;
q&m raemufygeJY
uRefawmfu t&SufcGJcHcJh&w,f NyD;awmh q&mu &dIav;udktxdef;uGyfrJhajymaew,f
a[h t&HI;orm; rif;tJh'drdom;pkwpfckvHk;udk&Sif;ypfr,fvdkYajymcJhw,fav
'gayr,fh rif;,ifaumifwpfaumifawmifrowfedkifcJhbl;
NyD;awmh rif;ighvl av;a,mufudkvnf;owfcJhao;w,f
q&m 'DaumifeSpfaumifaMumifhomr[kwfbl;qdk&if
-bpfyif -[kwfuJh q&m
'DudkvmcJh
olwdkYudkvdkuf&Sm
q&mhudk uRefawmfuwday;ygw,f
yg&S&ef &JUv,fuGif;awGxJrSm
q&mwu,fyJ aq;ajcmufyifawGudk&dwfodrf;&rSmyg
tJhvdkrjzpfcJhbl;qkd&if q&m uRefawmfhudkacgif;jzwfvdkY&ygw,f
q&m vkyfcsifwJhtcsdefvkyfyg
igu rif;&JUacgif;MuD;eJYbmvkyf&rSmvJ
[kwfw,f 'gutoHk;r0ifbl;
uRefawmfu touf&Sifae&ifydkNyD;awmhtoHk;0ifw,fav
t&if;qHk; [dkeSpfaumifudkvkyf&r,f
q&m uRefawmf[dkw,fpDrHcefYcGJa&; rvkyfcJhygbl;
'gayr,fh uRefawmfoifzl;ygw,f
q&moabmusr,fqdk&if uRefawmfhudkwpfvavmufjzpfjzpf ,m,D cefYvdkY&ygw,f
ol npfywfaewJhyef;uefawGtukefaq;ygvdrfhr,f
taz uRefawmftvkyfvkyfaew,f
-rif; apmapmurawGUcJhzl;vm; -r[kwfygbl; q&mhudkajymwmr[kwfygbl;
q&mhudkajymwmr[kwfygbl;
[kwfuJhyghq&m uRefawmfh&JU udk,fa&;tcsuftvufawGudkraeYuydkYNyD;oGm;ygNyD
[kwf
aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&m
&JawG 'Dudka&mufaew,f
bmjzpfvdkYvJ
'D"gwfyHku rif;rvm; atmufudkqif;vmcJh
rif;wdkY olUudkb,fac:oGm;MurvdkYvJ
ol tvkyfckrS&SmawGUxm;wm tm;vHk;awmh zsufqD;cH&ygNyD
uRefawmfwdkY olUukdpcef;ac:oGm;NyD;awmh rdwfqufay;&HkygyJ
igwdkY vmaeNyDvdkYolwdkYudkajymvdkuf
rif;bmaMumifh 'gudkvkyf&wmvJ
rif;u udk,fh'ku©udk,f&SmaewmyJ
'gu udk,fhudkudk,fckcHumuG,fcJhwmyJ 'DxufbmrSrydkbl;
vmyg rif;aumif;zdkYtwGuf 'Dt&IyfawG&Sif;&rSmyg
vmyg
-ajcmuf ckeSpf -bk&m;ocifaumif;csD;ay;ygap
-,lxm;vdkuf -rdom;pkwpfckvHk;aumif;csD;ay;ygap
&l'&m
'Dygq,fxkwfudk0ifay;cJhvdkuf rif;jyefwJhvrf;rSmyJ
rif; bmvdkYolUudkydkufqHtukefay;vdkuf&wmvJ
olu ighxufydkNyD;awmhvdktyfvdkYaygh
-igu tNrJwrf;rsm;rsm;&edkifw,fav -odNyD
xkdifyg
cGifhjyKyg
-&l'&mx&DywfwDu 'DrSmtvkyfvkyfwmvm; -[kwfygw,f
uRefawmfwdkYu olU&Tmuyg
[dk;rSmolyJ qdkifu,fpD;oGm;wJhwpfa,muf
&l'&m
oloGm;NyD rif;wdkY olUudk'DrSmreufjzefvmawGUvdkY&w,f
&yfprf; &yfprf; &yf
qif;prf;
atmufudkqif;prf;yg
ighoabmtwdkif;omqdk&if igrif;udkwd&pämef&HkxJrSmyJxnfhxm;rSm tcsKyfxJxnfhxm;rSmr[kwfbl;
'gayr,fh olwdkYutxufuaevkyfaewmav
tckoGm;awmh
oGm;prf;
'DrSm
xGufoGm;prf;
atmufrSm vm
olUudkzrf;
bk&if&uf[pfpx&mu orm"d&SdwJhbk&ifwpfyg;yJ
bk&if&uf[pfpx&m
rif; tjyifoGm;vdkYr&bl;
om; 'DrSmraumif;wmawGjrifae&w,f
ig rif;twGufqkawmif;ay;aewm
tar eJYtwlcPavmufqkawmif;yg
b,favmufMumrSmvJ
uav;awGtwGuf Oykof apmifhMur,f
-NyD;&if olwdkYigwdkYab;rSmpD;wef;vdrfhr,f -'DrSm
-[vdk OD;av; -OD;av;
olu yef'gAuf&JUti,fqHk;om;yJ
rif;vdkufrSmvm;
'DrSm igh&JUqdkifu,f,lNyD;awmh oGm;eSifh
ig rMumcifvdkufvmr,f
'DusnfqHu rif;udk&nf&G,fcJhwmvdkYxifwmyJ
-ightwGufvdkYajymwmvm; -[kwfw,f
rif;jyefoGm;awmh vleSpfa,mufrif;udkvm&Smw,f
-[vdk -[vdk &m*smvm;
rif;udkac:aewm
-[vdk -[vdk &m*sm ig&l'&myg
&l'&m igrif;zkef;udkapmifhaewm
igh&JUzkef;u uGJoGm;wm
igh&JYzkef;u'fudk tjcm;zkef;xJrSmxnfhNyD;awmhoHk;aewm
tqifajy&JUvm;vdkYar;zdkYzkef;ac:vdkufwm -tqifrajybl;
&JawG ighudkwdkufcdkufcJhw,f rif;a&m bmjzpfcJhao;vJ
rif;b,frSmvJ
OD;av; uRefawmf'Dt&IyfxkyfawGudktqHk;owfcsifw,f
'gqkd&if uRefawmfwdkYb0udkyHkrSeftwdkif;jzwfoef;vdkY&NyD
b,fvdkyHkrSeftwdkif;vJ
rif;u pmydkUorm;
NyD;awmh ol olu tvkyf&Smaew,f
ol tvkyfwpfck&cJhr,fqdk&ifawmif b,favmuf&rSmrvdkYvJ
&lyD wpfaomif;vm; eSpfaomif;vm;
'Dawmh OD;av;ubmtMuHay;csifvJ
-igh&JUtzGJUeJY ylaygif;zdkY igtMuHay;csifw,f -OD;av;&JU *dkPf;eJYvm;
rif;wdkY eSpfa,muf'gudkvkyf&r,f
awmfygawmh
ig 'gudkb,feSpfacgufawmifxnfh&tkef;rSmvJ emw,fuG
rif;wdkYu ynmwwfw,f
'DaeYacmwfrSm ynmwwfwJh*dkPf;pwm;awGudk &Sm&wmcufaeNyD
qufrajymeJYprf;
OD;av; 'gurjzpfedkifygbl;
aemufenf;vrf;wpfckudk&Smygtkef;
aumif;NyD 'gqdk&iftcsKyfxJoGm;rvm; -tcsKyfxJudkvm;
ig tJh'drSmt&ifu cPavmufoGm;aezl;w,f
'DudpöawGat;at;aq;aq;jzpfoGm;wJhtcsdefus&if rif;wdkY xGufvmvdkY&w,f
-tenf;qHk;awmh igyef;uefraq;&awmhbl;aygh -b,folYudkrSajymp&mrvdkygbl;
ig tvkyf&oGm;NyDdvdkYajymvdkuf NyD;awmh iga'vDudkoGm;NyD
'DrSm pdwf&Snfonf;cHaewmuydkaumif;ygw,f
-'gu igh&JUtrSm;r[kwfygbl; -bmtEÅ&m,frSr&Sdygbl;
tm;vHk;tqifajyygw,f
OD;av;udkajymNyD;awmh &Sif;jyvdkufwmydkaumif;w,f
tpm;taomufawGaEG;aewkef;yJ pm;vdkuf
igwdkY t&IyfxkyfxJa&mufaewmyJ
-bm -igwdkY t&IyfxkyfxJa&mufaewmyJ
'Dawmh pkpnf;zdkYtwGufrif;enf;enf;avmufrazsmfajzcsifbl;vm;
aemufxyf uwmyJjzpfjzpfaygh
ig 'DtwGufpDpOfvdkuf&rvm;
ig rif;udk"gwfyHkydkYay;&rvm;
xGufoGm;prf;yg
rif;wkdY&JU qE´awG &lyDig;axmifeJYwif tm;vHk;jynfhoGm;rSmyg
xGufoGm;vdkYajymaew,fav
b0u awmfawmfudkqdk;aeygNyD NyD;awmh
rif;wdkY&JUjyóemudkajz&Sif;edkifwJholwpfa,muf&Sdw,f
igh&JUcGJwrf;u &lyDeSpfaxmifyJ
olwdkY wu,fudka'goxGufaeMuw,f
rif; awmif;yefzdkYigtMuHay;csifw,f
r[kwf&if
rif; udkifxm;rvm;
'gu rif;twGufyg
[kwfuJhyg q&m
olU&JUtrIudkvufcHvdkufwmaumif;w,f r[kwf&if olaemufxyf&ufcsdef;oGm;ae&tkef;r,f
-[dkuefqdk*f -rpöwmp&DAufpwuf
-ajym -'guawmh &l'&meJY oluawmh &m*smyg
aemufem&D0ufus&if rif;udkjyefac:vdkufr,f
aus;Zl;wifygw,f q&m
xkdifyg
-tmuefAD;,m; &JU*dkPf;uuRefawmfwdkYudkvkdufaew,f -aetkef;
[kwfw,f *sm*D
tJh'drSm pHk;prf;ppfaq;aeqJqdkwm igodygw,f
'DrSmvnf; ighudkxyfNyD;awmhpHkprf;aewmyJ
NyD;wm ig'DudktxuftrdefYemcHzdkYvmcJhwmyJ
igu olwpfyg;twGufMum;ucHae&wJholjzpfaeNyD
ig 'DtaMumif;awGrajymcsifawmhbl;
ighudkaemufxyfzkef;rqufawmheJY
rif;wdkYajymaewmb,fa&mufoGm;NyDvJ
tmuef AD,m;&JUvlawG uRefawmfwdkYaemufudkvdkufaew,f
txl;ojzifh vmvefwD0g&D aygh
igodygw,f 'Dvl,kwfrmawGudkowfvdkufav
q&m uRefawmfwdkYtMurf;enf;eJYrajz&Sif;csifbl; uRefawmfwdkYu olykefawG r[kwfbl;
rif;wdkY u olykefr[kwfygbl;
rif;wdkYu edkifiHa&;ppfom;awGaygh
'DedkifiHawGudkumuG,faewJhppfwyfvdkrsdK;yJav
'DedkifiHudk tkyfcsKyfaewJholawGeJYtwlwlygyJ
umuG,fzdkY vdktyfw,f
AsL&dkua&pDawG NyD;awmh edkifiHa&;orm;awG olwdkYvnf; vHkjcHKa&;vdktyfwmyJ
rif;wdkYoabmwl&JUvm;
tck rif;wdkUu'DjrdKU&JU a&yef;pm;aewJhowif;jzpfoGm;NyD
uRefawmfwdkY *dkPf;pwm;awGrjzpfcsifygbl; q&m
'gudk pOf;pm;Munfhvdkufyg
-awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f acR;rMuD; -MudKqdkygw,f tpfudk
bmvdkY tr a&mrygvm&wmvJ
-igwdkY orD;xGufoGm;wJhtwGufolpdwfqdk;aewkef;yJ&Sdao;w,f -tdkau
rif;&JUtdrfudkwdkufcdkufcJhwJhtwGuf igawmif;yefygw,f
bmrSrjzpfygbl; 'gayr,fh rif;&ufa&G;wmrSm;w,f
igh&JUorD; em'geD&JUr*FvmaqmifaeYMuD;av;
'gu igpDpOfwmr[kwfygbl; vmvefwD0g&D pDpOfwmyg
ig odygw,f
vmvef wD0g&D b,frSmvJ
vmvef udkac:xkwfvmcJh
-ighudkvTwfprf;yg -vm
ighudkvTwfprf;
igwpfckckjzpfoGm;r,fqdk&if tJh'drSmurÇmysufoGm;r,faemf
tpfudk olwdkYawGu uRefawmfhxufydkNyD;awmh opömazmufr,fholawGyg
xGufoGm;prf;
-olUudkac:oGm;prf; -uRefawmfhudkcGifhvTwfyg
-rif;wdkY olUudkb,fudkac:oGm;wmvJ -'gu uRefawmfyxrOD;qHk;tMudrftrSm;vkyfwmyg cGifhvTwfyg
olUudktjypfay;wm ighwm0efomxm;vdkufyg
aomufMu&atmif
ylawmif ylawmhr,f
rif; MuH&nfudkaomufaewkef;yJaemf
ig 'gudkwpfaeYvHk;aomufcsifwJhtcsdefaomufvdkY&w,fav
igrjyefcifrSm igvmvef&JUtavmif;udkMunfhoGm;csifw,f
&wmaygh
'DrSm 'golyJ
vltcsdKY 'dkif,m udkaumvdyfrSmwm;qD;cJhw,f NyD;awmh
-b,feSpfa,mufvJ -ig;a,muf
aumifav; ig;a,mufavmufaygh
olwdkY bm ar;wmvJ
rif; b,frSm&SdaevJqkdwmudkaygh
awmfao;wmaygh olU&JUq&mu tm;vHk;udkawGUoGm;w,fav
r[kwf&if igawmhrawG;&Jawmhbl;
uRefawmfbmvkyfedkifvJ Munfhvdkuftkef;r,f
aumifav;tcsdKU ighnDrudk aumvdyfrSm vdkufaeSmifh,SufcJhw,f
pDpOfxm;wm tqifajyvm; tJh'drSm b,fol&SdaevJ
'Dawmh uRefawmfwdkYb,ftcsdefoGm;&rSmvJ uRefawmftoifhjzpfaeNyD
bmawGjzpfaewmvJ
rif; b,fudkoGm;rvdkYvJ
vmvefwD0g&Du uRefawmfhOD;av;eJY olUvlawGudkowfcJhw,f
NyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkYvnf;rvHkjcHKawmhbl;
tckvm;
ol &SdaewJhae&mudkigodw,f
ol tmuefAD;,m; &,folY&JU uyfzm;vQufzm;aumifawGeJY awmxJrSm trJvdkufaeavmufNyD
igwdkY olUudktJh'drSmyJ wdwfwqdwfvkyfMuHvdkufr,f
bmvdkY olUudkwdwfwqdwfvkyfMuH&rSmvJ
&m*smeJY &l'&mu olwdkYawGudkowfoGm;w,fqdkwm
vlwdkif;odzdkY ta&;MuD;w,f
'gu igh&JUudk,fa&;udk,fwmwdkufyGJyJ
'DrSm olwdkY ighnDrudkapmfum;cJhw,f
&JawGuvnf; ightdrfudkcsdK;azmuf0ifcJhw,f
olwdkY ighudkacG;wpfaumifvdkajy;&atmifvkyfw,f ighudkowfzdkYMudK;pm;cJhw,f
'Dawmh 'guigh&JUwdkufyGJqdkvnf;[kwfwmyJ
aumif;ygNyD igarhypfvdkYawmh&ygw,f 'gayr,fh igh&JUa'goawGu ighudkcGifhrjyKbl;
rSwfxm;yg
raumif;qdk;0g;MuD;b&m[ef[m aorif;udk vTwfvdkufwmyJ
rif;wdkY tvkyfNyD;oGm;&if 'DudkjyefvmcJh
igjrif&rSmawGudk Munfhcsifao;w,f
&yfprf; &yf &yf
-rif;wdkY t&Sifb&m[rf &JUZmwfvrf;udkMum;zl;vm; -uRefawmfwdkYudkajymjyyg
olU&JY usdrfpmtwGuf oltjypf
usL;vGefcJhrIaMumifh
olu yg&SumrSm bk&m;ausmif;wpfausmif;&Sdw,f
wm,mu b,fvdkvkyfNyD;uGJoGm;wmvJ
rajy;eJYprf;
rif; 'DtaMumif;awGudktm;vHk;udkajymjy&r,fav
igh&JUemrnfu u &m*smrDp&myJ
NyD;awmh aemufxyfaoewform;wpfa,mufuawmh &l'&myJ
&m*smeJY &l'&m
'DaeUupNyD;awmh igwdkYuemrnfqdk;eJYausmfMum;awmhrSmyJ
xprf;
rif; igh&JUOD;av;udk owfcJhw,f
NyD;awmh igh&JUoli,fcsif;udka&myJ
tck rif;&JUtvSnfha&mufNyD ekwfqufpum;ajymvdkufygtkef;
rif;&JUaoewfu usnfrukefedkifjzpfr,fh &kyf&Sifr[kwfbl;av
olUudka&mrSwfrdvm;
olu vmvefav opömazmufyJ
'Dawmh rif;'DZmwfvrf;udkb,fvdkajymrSmvJ
'DrSm olY&JUaus;Zll;&Sifudkaus;Zl;uef;cJhwJh
vmvef vdkYac:wJhopömazmufwpfa,muf&Sdw,f
tckoGm;awmh ajy;awmh
oGm;prf;
rif; b,foGm;rvdkYvJ
olu rif;twGufygyJ
rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ &l'&m
cGifhvTwfjcif;[mtaumif;qHk;ed,mryJav
-ighudkcGifhvTwfyg -aetkef; aetkef;
rif; t&Sifb&m[rf &JUZmwfvrf;av;udkrajymawmhbl;vm;
tck 'DZmwfvrf;udkNyD;atmifajymyg
&m*sm rif;&l;oGm;NyDvm;
tck rif;olqDu yHkjyifem;axmifaewmvm;
[kwfwmaygh
ol raocifrSm t&Sifb&m[rf &JUtjypfu bmqdkwmudkigodcsifw,f
igwdkY t&Sifb&m[rfudk
bmaMumifhqkawmif;&w,fqdkwm ighudkajymjyyg
t&Sifb&m[rf u
-NyD;awmh -'gaMumifhyJ olusdrfpmwdkufcHcJh&wm
-bm -olUudkypfvkdufawmh
tck t&Sifb&m[rfqDrSmqkawmif;awmh
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfygonf t&Sifb&m[rfvdkY us,fus,fajymprf;
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfygonf t&Sifb&m[rf
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfygonf t&Sifb&m[rfvdkY us,fus,fajymprf;
ig bmoma&;udpöawGrSmatmufwef;uswmudk vufrcHedkifbl;
[kwfw,f abmf'gMuD;
rif; b,fwkef;urSaygufu&awGrajymcJhbl;
NyD;awmh rif;ajymcJhwmbmygvdrfh
&m*smeJY &l'&muemrnfqdk;eJYausmfMum;olawGjzpfoGm;NyD
'g rdkufw,f
tem;,lvdkufygtkef;
uRefawmfwdkY tem;r,lcsifbl;
uRefawmfwdkY aemufxyftmuefAD,m;udk owfcsifw,f
pdwf&Snfprf;yg
'DrSm *dkPf;pwm;awGeJY
Oya'bufawmfom;awGrSm jcm;em;csufawG&Sdw,f
rif;wdkYeSpfa,mufu edkifiHa&;t&tumtuG,fvdkw,f
-[vdk tpfudk -'gu cifAsm;&JUtvkyfyJ
igu edkifiHa&;orm;r[kwfygbl;
igu edkifiHa&;tMuHay;wpfa,mufyg
twdkifyifcHaygh
tmuefAD,m;udkowfzdkYtwGuf
rif;wdkYedkifiHa&;MoZm&SdwJholawGeJY edkifiHa&;cdkvIHcGifh&SdzdkYvdkw,f
NyD;awmh rif;wdkYvdkvleSpfa,mufudkvdktyfaewJh edkifiHa&;orm;udkigodw,f
b,folvJ
&rfbmbl&Iuvm yJ
twdkuftcHbufrSm &rfbmbluu edkifiHa&;MoZmt&SdqHk;yJ
olu *kPfj'yfvnf;&Sdw,f
olu 0efMuD;csKyfemw&ef udktNyD;wdkif&Sif;ypfcsifaewm
olu vufxyfawmhrSm
emw&ef ut"dutwdkuftcHyJ
olu qlrm&m'ufudk vkyfMuHzdkYtwGuf ydkufqHay;NyD;awmh pmcsKyfcsKyfcJhw,f
ypfrSwfudk b,fawmhrSrvGJwJhvlwpfa,muftjzpf
qlrmu emrnfausmfMum;w,f
'gaMumifhyJ olcsdefwmawGuwdusaewmyJ
bmjzpfoGm;wmvJ olaooGm;NyDvm;
&JawG olUaemufudkvdkufaew,f
olwdkY olt&l;wpfa,mufvdk[efaqmifNyD;awmh vSnfhpm;aew,f
-igu &m'ufyJvdkYoludk,folajymaew,f -bm
[J&mc&pf&Seef
qlrm&m'ufu &rfbmbleJYcsKyfxm;wJhpmcsKyfrSm aeSmifhaeS;aew,f
'Dawmhrif;wdkY emwl&rf udkowfedkifcJhr,fqkd&if
&rfbmblu rif;wdkYudkcdkvIHcGifhay;rSmyJ
NyD;&if tefu,fAD,m; udkrif;wdkYowfvdkY&NyD
NyD;awmh tlxmy&D'uf&Sf &JUvHkjcHKa&;wpfckvHk;u
rif;wdkY&JU vufxJudka&mufvmvdrfhr,f
tpDtpOfqGJyg
uRefawmfwdkY aoewfarmif;udkqGJzdkYtwGuf tpDtpOfrvkdygbl; tuGmta0;yJvdkwmyg
NyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkYrSmtawGUtMuHKvnf;&Sdygw,f
aomufawmfa&pif wmpDpOfay;yg
aomufawmf a&pifvm;
igh&JUtdrftjyifrSm trdIufawGubmvdkY&IyfaewmvJ
rpöwm&Sm;rm igh&JUtdrfudkawmifrif; oefY&Sif;atmifrxm;edkif&if
rif;wpfjrdKUvHk;udk b,fvdkoefY&Sif;atmifvkyfrvJ
-&Sif; ypfvkdufprf; -tckcsufcsif;vkyfvdkufyghr,f q&m
NyD;oGm;rSmyg
rpdk;&drfygeJY
-Munfhprf; -cGifhjyKyg q&m
-aeygtkef; -q&m
-uRefawmfu a'vDowif;Xme uyg -tif;
[kwfuJh
uRefawmfwdkY q&memwl&rf eJYq,fhig;rdepfavmufpum;ajymvdkY&&if
uRefawmfwdkY&JU wDADowif;rSm tifwmAsL;vkyfcsifvdkYyg
NyD;awmh a'vDrSmwpfckckvkyfcsifw,fqdk&if igwdkYudkajymyg
aumif;ygNyD q&m uRefawmfwdkYudk q&meJY q&m&JU
rdom;pk uvkyfaqmifaewmudkajymjyyghvm; q&m
emwl&efu olU&JUjynfe,ftwGuf pGefYvTwfcJhwmawGudk
ordkif; utrSwf&aerSmyg
-q&mpGefYvTwfedkifyg&JUvm; -pGefYvTwfedkifwmaygh
igh&JUedkifiHtwGuf bmrqdkvkyfedkifw,f
aumif;ygw,f
pum;rpyf rif;&JUuefr&mref;u b,frSmvJ
-olu ta0;uae&dkufaewmyg cPapmifhyg -bmjzpfvdkYvJ
-ajym -olUudkaemufjyefac:vmcJh
igh&JUjrifuGif;rSm opfyifMuD;uG,faew,f
-q&m uRefawmfwdkYaemufjyefavQmufMu&atmif -aemufudkvm;
bmvdkYaemufudkjyefavQmufrSmvJ
uRefawmfwdkYu q&mpTefYvTwftepfemcHxm;wJh ajray:rSmavQmufvSrf;vmwmav
bmjzpfwmvJ
wpfckyJvkyfay;yg olYudkenf;enf;a0;a0;avmufjyefac:oGm;ay;prf;yg
ig olUudk rDwmwpf&mtuGmuaeypfr,f
-bmawGjzpfaewmvJ -ig qrfrm&m'uf&JU pHcsdefudkcsdK;csifvdkYyg
&m*sm igwdkYaemufrSpHcsdefudkcsdK;vdkY&ygw,f
olUudkt&ifowfvdkufMu&atmif
-aumif;NyD pHcsdefcsdK;zdkYtwGuf tcGifhta&;ydkaumif;wm,lMur,f -bm
-olUudkypfvkdufprf;yg -'DtcGifhta&;uvnf;odyfrqdk;ygbl;
&m*sm rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ
-tuGmta0;udkyJwdkif;ay;prf;yg -bmawGjzpfaewmvJ
-rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ &m*sm -'D[mu wpfrDwmavmuf&Sd&r,f
-tJh'drSmyJaeae -&m'uf olUudkrDwm wpf&muaeypfcJhwm
'DtuGmta0;udkwdkif;zdkYtwGuf igwkdY wpf&ufavmufMumvdrfhr,f
-olUudkypfvkdufprf;yg -'gu ig;rdepfavmufyJMumrSmyg
-a&xm;prf;yg -&m*sm
olwdkY ypfaeNyD
rif;wdkYtouftwGuf odyfNyD;vnf;opöm&SdraeygeJY
-cifAsm; &JU0dOmnfoefYpifzdkYtwGufyg -'gbmawGvJ
aomufawmfa&pif awGav
'DvdktoHk;ruswJholtwGuf rif;wdkY&JUtoufudkpGefYvTwfp&mrvdkygbl;
ekwfqufygw,f
rif; olUudkypfvkdufwmvm;
vmyg vkyfprf;yg
oGm;&atmif oGm;r,f
igwdkY qrfrm&m'uf &JUpHcsdefudkcsdK;zdkYvdkao;w,f
tajymeJY tvkyfnDwmyJ
rif;wdkYeSpfa,muf tvGefaumif;wJhtajctaeydkifqdkifoGm;NyD
&m
b,folqufwmvJ
[vdk q&m
qlrm rif;utckbmrSudkaomufoHk;rusawmhbl;
rif; &m'ufvdkwpfoufvHk;o&kyfaqmifvdkY&oGm;NyD
rif; ae&mudktpm;xdk;vdkufNyD
rMumcif rif;olwdkY&JUemrnfudkMum;&rSmyg
rif;udkwpfckavmufawmhajymyg&ap
rif;udk xyfNyD;awmhrvdktyfawmhbl;
igh&JU tvkyfNyD;oGm;nyD
'gudk b,fawmhrSrcRwfeJY
rif;wdkYudk umuG,fay;vdrfhr,f
tck rif;wdkY tmuefAD,m;qdk*fudkowfzdkYtwGuf
&rfbmbl&Smuvm&JU cGifhjyKcsuf&oGm;NyD
'DaeYupNyD;awmh tlxmy&m'ufpf wpfe,fvHk; rif;wdkYpdwfMudKufvkyfvdkY&NyD
*dwfawGydwfoGm;NyD
tcsdefawmhenf;enf;Mumvdrfhr,f
[dkbufvrf;u opfyifatmufrSm&yfvdkuf
toHcsJUvdkufprf;yg
ighudk MuH&nfwpfcGufavmufay;yg
oHy&moD;nSpfxnfhzdkYvnf; rarheJYtkef;
igwdkY 'DrSmem&D0ufavmufMur,fvdkYxifvm;
rrSefbl;
rif; vufeufr&SdwJhvlwpfa,mufudk ypfvdkufwmyJ
'DrSm cifAsm;vnf;uRefawmfhudkypfvdkY&w,f
uRefawmfvnf; vufeufr&Sdawmhbl;
ypfprf;yg
&l'&m ajy;
vTwfawmfrSm trftefat trwfav;eSpf&mvpf[mrIaMumifh
MudKwiftoHk;p&dwfawGxkwfvdkYr&ygbl;
r'rf uRefawmfwdkY MudKwiftoHk;p&dwftaMumif;ajymaewmyg
ab;z,fay;yg
tufxm ygwDutrftefat trwfav;a,muf 0wfvpfpm;vpfeJYudkrdwmyg
olwdkYav;a,mufvHk; raumif;wJhaumifrawGeJYtwl rdwmyg
tpfudk&m*sm
q&mwdkYtzGJUxJrSm uRefawmfwdkYudkxnfhoGif;ay;yg
rif;u yef;csDq&myJ 'gawGeJYa0;a0;aeyg
'DrSmtvkyf&NyD
tmuefAD,m;&JU aq;ajcmufvkyfief;awG
jzefYjzL;a&mif;csaewJh
qpfwyg; ab;u qmrI&D,m;&GmrSm udk;em&DtcsdefrSm
eSpf&uftwGif; tpnf;ta0;uusif;yrSmyg
igwdkYtvkyfu ,m,Dylaygif;xm;wJhtzGJUawGtm;vHk;udk vHkjcHKatmifvkyfay;&r,f
rif;wdkYu igh&JU*kPfjyKcHvlawGtaeeJYoGm;&r,f
'Dtvkyfu rpöwmbuf*sm;&JU OD;aqmifrIeJYvkyf&rSm
rif;wdkYeSpfa,muf toHrxGufyJae&r,f udk,fhudkudk,faumif;aumif;aeMuyg
'DaeYn uRefawmfwdkY&JUtpDtpOfudktm;vHk;vnf;odNyD;ygNyD
tckuaepNyD;awmh ckeSpfvtwGif;
jynfe,fav;ckrSm a&G;aumufyGJusif;yawmhrSmyg
aemufwpfeSpfrSm tlxmy&m'ufpfrSmvnf; a&G;aumufyGJ&Sdw,f
rSefw,f
uRefawmfu pD;yGm;a&;orm;wpfa,mufyg NyD;awmh tJh'dtay:rSmvnf; wGefYwkdygw,f
uRefawmfwdkY tpdk;&eJY&if;eSD;rIvdktyfygw,f
[kwfw,frvm; rpöwm&m'uf
'gaMumifhyJ uRefawmfhu uRefawmfh&JUpD;yGm;zuf ig;a,mufudkem;csvmNyD;awmh
ygwDwpfckcsif;pD&JU &HyHkaiGtwGuf
&lyD;wpfodef;pDvSLzdkY 'Dudkac:vmcJhwmyg
'gayr,fh 'gurvkHavmufao;ygbl;
uRefawmfwdkY ydkufqHxyfvdkygw,f
NyD;awmh 'DukefusrIuvnf; tmurfAD,m;&JU
'DaeYupNyD;awmh uRefawmfvufatmufa&mufvmr,fh
aq;ajcmufvkyfief;awGeJY rMumcifyJjyefumrdrSmyg
NyD;awmh 'DtwGufvnf;uRefawmftumtuG,fvdktyfygw,f
&rfbmbl&Suvmu axmufyHhay;rSmyg
cifAsm;wdkYtm;vHk; rpöwmqmZDemudkodygw,f
tpdk;&uvnf; uRefawmfwdkYudkaxmufyHhay;rSmyg
NyD;awmh tjyeftvSeftaeeJY uRefawmfwdkYu eSpfq,f&mcdkifEIef;udk &JtzGJUudkvSLrSmyg
rpöwmqmZDem
-'Dawmh twdkuftcHbufuvnf; - rpöwmqmZDem
q&m
q&mu AdkvfcsKyfNyD;tm*&mr[kwfvm;
uRefawmfhemrnfu &m*smrefp&myg
-oluawmh &l'&myg -[vdk
-uRefawmfwdkY a&G;aumufyGJrSm&HI;cJhr,fqdk&if -rif; olUudkrSwfrdvm;
ol tm*&mwnf;cdkcef;rSm zrf;rdcJhwmrvm;
[kwfwmyJ olyJav
q&m t&ifuxufydkNyD;awmhusef;rm;vmwJhyHkyJ
q&m usef;rm;vmw,frvm;
pum;rpyf q&m'DudkbmvmvkyfwmvJ
uRefawmfwdkYu 'DrSmvHkjcHKa&;wm0ef,lxm;wmav
&JawG 'DrSmbmvkyfedkifrSmrvdkYvJ
[vdk bef*swf q&m
q&mbef*suf
'DrSm&SdwJhvlawGeJY uRefawmfwdkYudk rdwfrqufay;&ao;bl;
rif;wdkYeSpfa,muf
rif;wdkYeSpfa,mufu 'DrSmwdwfwdwfav;rsufeSmjy&HkyJ tMuHay;zdkYr[kwfbl;
-q&mbef*suf uRefawmfwdkYu -bmvJ
igwdkY 'DrSm[movkyfaewmvm;
rif;wdkY [movkyfcsifw,fqdk&ifawmh wpfae&m&mrSmoGm;vkyfyg
&l;vdkufwJharsmufawG
ol igwdkYudkarsmufvdkYac:w,f
-igvnf;tJhvdkapmfum;cHcJh&w,fvdkYcHpm;&w,f -ig 'DvdkcHpm;&wmMumaeNyD
-'Dvl,kwfrmbef*sufuawmh -ajymyg
rif;t&ifajymyg
'gayr,fh rif;bmajymrSefqdkwmudkigodNyD
bmvJ
igajymrSmeJYwlwlyJaygh
um;udkav,mOfuGif;armif;oGm;NyD;awmh igh&JUrdef;rudkoGm;MudKcJh
ig bmrSrvdkawmhbl; rif;wdkYtm;vHk;oGm;vkdY&NyD
[vdk ajymyg
ajymyg aumif;NyD
-olb,frSmvJ -tcef;xJrSm
-tcef;u bGwfuif;,lxm;wmvm; -uRefawmfhemrnfeJYyg
uRefawmf 'geJYyufoufNyD; bmtrSm;rStjzpfrcHedkifygbl;
aumif;w,f
q&m 'DrSmolY&JUaq;ppfcsuftajzyg
bma&m*grSr&Sdygbl;
xdkifyg
aumif;w,f
eifu bmaMumifht&rf;pdk;&drfae&wmvJ
ig eifhudk,HkMunfvdkY 'Dae&mudkac:cJhwmyg
ig eifh&JU"gwfyHkudkjrifvdkufuwnf;u
eifu acsmrvSy&Hkwifru awmfvnf;awmfw,fqdkwmudk ig odcJhwm
pdwfvIyf&Sm;aewmyJ
eifa&m
-[kwfygw,fq&m -'Dem;udkvmyg
q&m uRefrtrsm;MuD;rvkyfedkifygbl;
q&m &JUyg;udkyJerf;edkifygw,f
'gyJvkyfvdkY&rvm;
tdkauaemf
q&mh&JUrsufvHk;udkrdSwfxm;vdkuf
tkdau w,faemf
vmyg
-b,folvJ -0efxrf;aumifav;yg
uRefr rSmxm;wmyg ygyg,mav -igodNyD
ig eifeJY &kyf&Sifaumif;aumif;&dkufr,f
MuD;MuD;rm;rm;wpfckaygh
rif;wdkYeSpfa,muf
q&m olwdkYub,folawGvJ
rif;u b,folvJ
uRefr olUudkrodygbl;
uRefr 'Dudktvkyfawmif;zkdYvmcJhwmyg uRefrudkoGm;cGifhay;yg
eif 'DudkvmzdkYtcsdefrSm;a&G;vdkufwmyJ eif tckxGufoGm;vdkYr&bl;
vkyfyg bef*suf xprf;yg
t&ifnu rif;wdkY&JUcHpm;rIudkaeSmifh,SufcJhvdkYvm;
rif;wdkY eSpfa,muf&l;oGm;NyDvm;
rif;wdkYudk,frif;wkdY bmxifaevJ
cifAsm; uRefawmfwdkYudkq&mvkyfvdkYr&awmhygbl;
'Dawmh aocsmem;axmifyg bef*suf
uRefawmfwdkYdudkapmfum;r,fhpum;wpfcGef;rSrajymygeJY
tck uRefawmfwdkYcifAsm;udkjyefay;qGJaewm
'gayr,fh cifAsm; uRefawmfwdkYpdwfudkqGay;vm&ifawmh
uRefawmfwdkYcifAsm;[mudkt&ifxkaxmif;ypfr,f
NyD;&if cifAsm;udkowfr,f
qmavmifaewJh b&mrif;u odrfarGUw,f
raumif;qdk;0g; b&mrif;uawmh i&JuvGwfvmwmyJ
[vdk rpöwmbef*suf aeaumif;&JUvm;
-[vdk [vdk -jrefjrefavQmufyg vmyg
aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmh jrefjrefavQmufyg
vm vm
-vmyg -r[kwfwmbmrSrvkyfeJY
xdkifprf;
uRefrudkvTwfay;yg uRefruwday;ygw,f b,folUudkrSrajymygbl;
'DudpöNyD;oGm;&if eifhudkbmvkyf&r,fqkdwm igwdkY qHk;jzwfr,f
oufaomifhoufom xdkifyg
igwdkYudk em;vnfrIvGJatmifrvkyfygeJY
igwdkY trsdK;orD;awGudkav;pm;w,f
aemufNyD;&if bmjzpfr,fqdkwm rif;wdkYeSpfa,mufod&JUvm;
'Djyefay;qGJrIu udk,fydkifvkyfwmyg
b,folrS yg0ifyufoufrSmr[kwfbl;
'Dawmh tay;t,lvkyfp&mtaMumif;vnf;r&Sdbl;
em;vnfw,faemf
zkef;qufvdkuf
-cifAsm; OmPfeDOmPfeufawmhroHk;eJYaemf -olu c&pfuwftoif;udkpyGefqmay;xm;wmav
olU&JU yg;pyfeJYyJ upm;yGJtm;vHk;udkupm;aewm
rif;u oleJYb,fvdkZmwfvrf;&IyfvmcJhwmvJ
toHk;r0ifvdkufwm
em;axmif 'Dbum
jywdkuf em;u tdrf,mu
jywdkif;a[mif;MuD;em;rSm
igajymaewmudkyJem;axmifyg
&lyD oef;ig;q,fudktdwfeJYxnfhNyD;awmh
eSpfem&DtwGif; oGm;xm;xm;yg
ig tJh'dydkufqHawGudkvSLcsifvdkYa[h
zkef;csvdkufprf;
cifAsm; pum;rajymyJaevdkufwmu cifAsm; toufudkaooGm;apedkifw,faemf
igwdkY ydkufqHoGm;odrf;r,f
-r[kwfao;bl; igoGm;r,f -rif;bmaMumifhtNrJwrf; jydKifqdkifae&wmvJ
aumif;NyD rif;oGm;yg oGm;yg
tif; igoGm;r,f
aumifrav; udkr&dkufeJYaemf
-rif; ighudkpGyfpGJaewmvm; -&l'&m
-a[h &Sefuwf -[kwfuJh q&m
O,OfrI;qDu rsdK;aphaoGm;,lprf;
NyD;awmh ESif;qDyifenf;enf;vnf;,lcJh
a[h igwdkY udkifZmbuf'f xJa&mufaewmaemf
'gu &Jt&m&Sd tdrfi,fav;yJav
igwdkY bmvkyfMurvJ 'gu igwdkY&JUtusifhqdk;MuD;yJ
igwdkY *dwfrSmapmifhaeNyD;awmh tjypfvkyfcsifaeMuw,f
[vdk r'rf rif; 'gudkMunfhaewmvm;
awmif;yefygw,f uRefrtoHus,fzdkYr&nf&G,fcJhygbl;
eifwdkY rdef;uav;awGu wDADpD;&D;awGtrsm;MuD;MunfhMuwmyJ
olwdkYtm;vHk;twlwlygyJ
-&Sifua&m bmMunfhvJ -igvm;
igwdkU owif;awGMunfhMuw,fav
wd&dpämefvdkif;awG obm0taMumif;awG
xkwfvTifhwJhvdkif;awGtm;vHk;utwlwlygyJ
'gayr,fh taumifawGuawmhrwlbl;av
usD;uef;awGu olwdkY&JUtazmfub,fawmhrS rvSnhfpm;bl;qdkwm eifod&JUvm;
olwdkYb0wpfavQmufvHk; wpfaumifwnf;udkyJvufwGJoGm;wm
usD;uef;awGu 'DvdkvlawGxufydkaumif;w,fvdkY ajymcsifwm
ig trSefudkajymaewmyg
um;aemufwpfpD;udk,lvdkuf
-eifu b*FvD vm; -[kwfw,f
-ig b*FvD tpm;tpmawGudkMudKufw,f -wu,fvm;
uRefr tJh'gawGudkcsufwwfw,f
-wu,fvm; -tif;
-[dk[mav; bmac:ygvdrfh -&dkqdk*lvm vm;
-r[kwfbl; tJh'drkefYuydkao;w,fav -qef'uf&Sf
-eifa&mwlwlyJvm; -bmvJ
&yfprf; 'Dum;yJ
-'Dum;ay:uwpfa,mufa,mufqif;oGm;wmudkcifAsm;jrifcJhvm; -rjrifygbl;
&lbDawvm &dkifbm&mvD
'gu &dkifbm&mvD *dkPf;uyJ &dkifbm&mvD qDudkoGm;&atmif
rSm;w,f tm;vHk;rSm;w,f
t0ga&mifopf&Gufav;u aqmif;OD;&moDrSm a<uusvmw,f
rkwfokef&moDrSm yef;awGtukefvHk;zl;yGifhvmMuw,f
wdrfrnf;MuD;awGxHuae tjzLa&mifrdk;a&pufawGusqif;vmw,f
rif; r&Sd&if vrif;MuD;&JUtvif;a&mifawmif ightay:udkrusa&mufedkifbl;
NyD;awmh tvif;a&mifawG
aetkef; igwu,fpdwfraumif;ygbl;
'gu yxrqHk;tMudrfjzpfysufwmyJ
eif ighudkt&rf;pdwfvIyf&Sm;atmifvkyfedkifwmyJ
-rif;wdkY eSpfa,mufbmvkyfaewmvJ -bmrSr[kwfygbl; avQmufvkyfaewmyg
bef*suf cifAsm;zkef;qufcJhwJhwpfa,mufu
t&rf;awmfwmyJ
-'DrSm tm;vHk;yJvm; -[kwfw,f
cifAsm; wdwfwdwfaevdkufwmuae olrouFmjzpfoGm;wmyJ
NyD;awmh olUvlawGtJh'drSm&Sdaew,f
-'Dawmh -'DawmhbmjzpfvJ igolwdkYudkvSnfhpm;cJhwmaygh
-rif; rvdkufvmwmawmfao;wmaygh -bmjzpfvdkYvJ
r[kwf&if rif;olwdkYudkrypfyJeJYaerSmr[kwfbl;av
-NyD;&if udpöwpfckvHk;&IyfoGm;rSm -[kwfw,f
ig roGm;cJhrdwmawmfao;wmaygh
'Dudkvm
-rif; ckcsdefxdrypf&ao;bl;vm; -[kwfw,f 'gayr,fh igypfrSwfeJYvGJoGm;w,f
rif;u b,fvdkodwmvJ
&ifxJrSm&SdaewJh taumifav;awGudk
rif;&JU usnfqHu rrSefvdkYayghh
aumif;NyD vm
'DrSm tdwfudk,lNyD;awmh oGm;awmh
-uRefawmf cifAsm;wdkYeSpfa,mufudk'DrSmxm;xJhr,f -igwdkYudkxm;cJhr,f[kwfvm;
rif;wdkYu bmaMumifhigwdkYudkxm;cJhrSmvJ igrif;wdkYudkydkufqHay;NyD;NyDav
-cifAsm;toHudkedrfhvdkufprf;yg -igrif;wdkYudkydkufqHay;NyD;NyDav
wdwfwdwfaeprf;
cifAsm;aemufwpfem&DMum&if xGufoGm;vdkY&NyD
uRefawmfh&JUvlu wHcg;aygufuaeapmifhMunfhaevdrfhr,f
cifAsm; wpfem&DxufapmNyD;awmhoGm;&ifawmh olu cifAsm;udkowfvdrfhr,f
-igwdkY oGm;Muawmhrvm; -aetkef;
-cspfp&mav; -aumifav;
tdrfudkjyefawmh eifh&JUzkef;uigwdkYqDrSm
topfwpfvHk;0,fvdkufawmh
ekwfqufygw,f
-cP -ajymav
uRefr &SifwdkYeSpfa,mufeJYvdkufcJhvdkY&rvm;
-uRefr 'DrSmb,folYudkrSrodbl; -eif igwkdYeJYaevdkYr&bl;
ol igwdkYeJYaer,fvdkYvnf; rajymygbl;
uRefr aer,fqdk&ifa&m
olU&JUusnfqHawmh ypfrSwfudkxdoGm;NyD
igwdkYeJY ae&iftNrJtEÅ&m,f&SdaerSm
-igwdkYu 'ku©eJYaysmfarGUwJholawGyJ -tqifajyygw,f aysmfp&maumif;rSmyg
eifu igwdkYtwGufjcdrf;ajcmufp&mwpfckjzpfedkifw,f
ig wdkYeifhudkr,Hkbl;
rdef;uav;wpfa,mufawmif &SifwdkYudk,Hkedkif&if bmaMumifh&SifwdkYu uRefrudkr,Hk&J&wmvJ
&SifwdkY eSpfa,mufuvlaMumufawGyg
-igwdkYu &dk;om;aewmudkeifhuapmfum;aewmyJ -&l'&m
olUudkac:oGm;&atmif
ol igwdkYudk'ku©ay;cJhr,fqdk&if ig olUudkt&ifqHk;ypfowfr,f
&l;oGm;NyD
-[vdk -[vdk
-tm;vHk;tqifajy&JUvm; -tif; oGm;Mur,f
'Dawmh 'guigwdkY&JUtdrfyJ
-tem;,lvdkufygtkef; -eif yifyef;aeNyD
'Dudk b,frdef;uav;rSrvmzl;bl;
igwdkY 'Dtdrf&JUtjyifbufrSmyJ tm;vHk;vkyfcJhMuwmvdkYajymwm
t"dyÜg,fu
[vdk
ig oGm;tdyfawmhr,f
rif; oltdyfzdkYpDpOfay;r,fhudpöudkvkyfay;r,fvdkYxifwmyJ
r[kwfygbl; tJhvdkr[kwfygbl; olu atmufrSmtdyfrSmyg
ig *&krpdkufygbl;
igtay:xyfrSmyJaer,f
bmtaMumif;jycsufrSr&SdyJ 'DvdkMuD;rm;wJh t&mwpfckudkiguawmhvkyfrSmr[kwfbl;
rif; OD;aeSmufudkroHk;cJhbl;
rif; tdrfao;ao;av;&JUvHkjcHKa&;udkawmifwm0ef,ledkifrSmr[kwfbl;
igwdkYb,fvdk0ifvmw,fqdkwmudk rif;od&JUvm;
em;axmif rif;uoli,fcsif;wpfa,mufjzpfaevdkY ig rif;udk0ifcGifhay;vdkufwmyg
r[kwf&if tJh'drSmaoewfypfoHwpfcsufxGufvmNyD;awmh
rif;&JU tavmif;u
jrufcif;wpfae&m&mrSmvJaeavmufNyD
&SifwdkYawG bmvkyfaewmvJ
-*sHKawGudkaumif;aumif;e,faewmyg -[kwfw,f
-yl&Dav; ay;ygtkef; -t&om&Sdw,f
yl&Dudk b*FvDvdk vlcsDvdkYvnf;ac:w,f
NyD;awmh i&kyfoD;ig;rsdK;eJY uRefrwdkYu vkyfxm;wm
'gaMumifh t&omurwlwmaygh
'Dt&omu yHkrSef[if;awGeJYrwlbl; t&rf; t&om&Sdw,f
igwdkY&JU vkyfief;udkajymif;vdkufMu&atmif
b*FvDpm;aomufqdkifzGifhMur,fav rif; bmajymtkef;rvJ
-x eif'DrSmaevdkYr&bl; -uRefr bmvkyfcJhvdkYvJ
eif bmrSrvkyfygbl; eif 'DrSmaevdkyr&bl; 'gyJ
-vmyg -&SifbmvkyfaewmvJ vTwfyg
rif;bmvkyfaewmvJ &m*sm
-rif;tNrJwrf; rvkyfoifhwmawGudkvkyfaewmyJ -&Sif bmvkyfaewmvJ
rif; olYudkoabmrusbl;av 'Dawmh ol'DrSmaevdkYr&bl;aygh
-aqm&D; tdkau -r[kwfbl; 'gu igh&JUtrSm;yg
ig olUudk'Dudkac:rvmcJhoifhbl;
bmjzpfvdkYvJ olu aumif;ygw,f
ol rif;udkvnf;oabmuswmyJav
'gayr,fh rif;olUukdoabmrusbl;av
um;ay:wuf
-vkyfyg -a[h
[vdk
em;axmif
rif; olUudkcsufcsif;yJa<uusoGm;cJhwmyJ
rif; rdef;uav;wpfa,mufudkcspfawmhr,fqdk&if ighudkt&ifqHk;rdwfqufay;r,fvdkYxifcJhwm
NyD;awmhrS igurif;twGuf olUudkcGifhjyKay;aygh
'gayr,fh 'gujzpfrvmbl;av
'Dawmh igenf;enf;avmufpdwfwdkvdkYr&bl;vm;
rif;&JUtoHu aqG;rsdK;&if;csmMud;eJYwlaevdkufwm
em;axmif b,foGm;rvkdYvJ
em;axmif
wpfa,mufrS b,fudkrSroGm;&bl;
tck igeifhudk tlxmy&m'uf&Sf&JU tcsKyftjyKwfqdkif&mawGudk
oifjyay;rvdkY
uRefr tJh'gudkrvkyfcsifbl;
&SifwdkY oli,fcsif;aumif;awGvdk uRefrxifcJhwm
igwdkYtm;vHk;u oli,fcsif;awGygyJ
&m*sm awmif;yefvdkuf
NyD;awmh em;axmif &dk;&dk;om;om;aemf
ig
ig eifhudkcspfw,f
'gu igh&JUawmif;yefpum;vnf;[kwfw,f igh&JUtcspfudkyg
uwday;wm
&rfbmbl; yg
ig bmMum;xm;wmygvdrfh
rif;wdkY eSpfa,muf bef*sufudkjyefay;qGJcJhw,f
ol uRefawmfwdkYudkb,fvdk&dkif;&dkif;pdkif;pdkif;qufqHxm;w,fqdkwm wpfa,mufrSrajymbl;vm;
aumif;NyD NyD;wmawGvnf;NyD;ygapawmh
olY&JUvkyfief;twGuf vkHjcHKa&;aqmif&Gufay;apcsifcJhw,f [kwfw,frvm;
uRefawmfwdkY&JU t&nftaoG;udkazmfjywmvdkYyJ oabmxm;vdkufyg
wpfckudkawmh rSwfxm;yg
edkYxGufaewJhEGm;r udkawmhemusifatmifvkyfvdkYr&bl;
olUudkajcmuf&HkyJajcmufyg em;vnf&JUvm;
olu jiif;aew,f
igwdkY cPavmufajca,mifazsmufaeoifhw,fvdkY olajymaew,f
igwdkY b,foGm;vdkY&rvJ
-a'vDqdk&ifa&m -igwdkYudk a'vDrSmvlwdkif;odMuw,f
igwdkY tcef;av;xJrSmyJykef;raeedkifbl;
-rGefbdkif;qdk&ifa&m b,fvdkvJ -[kwfw,f
rGefbdkif; tdkauw,f
tJh'drSm igwdkYudkb,folrSrodbl;
uRefr&SifwdkY eSpfa,mufudk rGefbdkif;wpfjrdKUvHk;vdkufydkYr,f
olUudkyJyg
uRefr &Sifhudkac:oGm;r,f
uRefr &Sifhudkcspfvnf;cspfwmyJ
yxrqHk;tMudrfav,mOfpD;zl;wmyg
uav;av;awGvnf; pD;aewmygyJ
-'gu tawGUtMuHKwpfckygyJ -eifu 'gudktawGUtMuHKwpfckvdkYajymwmvm;
-eifu ighxufydkNyD;awmh tawGUtMuHK&Sdaewmvm; -aumif;ygNyD
wpfckckjzpfcJhr,fqdk&ifawmh
q&m 'Dtcef;u q&mMudKwifrSmxm;wJhtwdkif;uyfaewJhtcef;yg -tif;
'guawmh tdyfcef;yg
Munfhvdkuftkef;r,f
0ifvmcJhyg
rif; tjcm;tcef;wpfcef;udkbGwfuifvkyfxm;r,fvdkYarQmfvifhwmyJ
'gu yxrqHk;igvkyfxm;wJht&myg
tif; 'Dtcef;udkydkMudKufw,f
aysmfp&aeYav;jzpfygap q&m
-igwdkY tpm;taomufwpfckckpm;Mu&atmif -tpm;pm;r,f[kwfvm;
ig eifhtwGuf'Dae&mwpfckvHk;udk 0,fay;r,fqdk&if b,fvdkvJ
t"dyÜg,fr&Sdvdkufwm
-bmvdkao;ygovJ q&m -rvdkygbl;
-rif;u b,fuvJ -rGefbdkif;uyg q&m
ADEdGKufrdk[DwD rdk[mpx&m
-rif; &meDvufZfrDbdkif taMumif;Mum;zl;vm; -bmvJ q&m
-*s[efqD&JU bk&ifrav -bmajymwmvJ q&m
-uRefawmf rodbl; q&m -tif;
olvnf; rdk[mpx&m yJ
olu bDem&yfpf rSmyJarG;zGm;cJhwm
bDem&yfpf tay:ydkif;rSmav
uRefawmfrodbl; q&m
rdk[mpx&m awGtrsm;MuD;
vGefcJhwJheSpfoHk;&mavmufu bDem&yfpfrSmaecJhMuwmav
NyD;awmh igwdkYrdom;pk0ifawGvdkyJ twlwlaecJhMuwm
-,lvdkufyg -r,lygbl; q&m aus;Zl;wifygw,f
-[kwfuJhygq&m -igwdkY rpöwmrefp&meJYawGUcsifvdkYyg
&m*sm
&Sif 'DaoewfeJYwpfaeukefvHk;upm;aeawmhrSmvm; 'grSr[kwf uRefrwdkYtjyifoGm;rSmvm;
-'DjrdKUMuD;u bmawGemrnfMuD;aevdkYvJ -[kwfw,f
igwdkY 'DudkyxrqHk;tMudrfa&mufzl;wmyg 'gayr,fh igwdkY'gawGtm;vHk;udkjrifzl;aewJhtwdkif;yJ
Munfhprf;
-olwdkY [dk;rSm&kyf&Sif&dkufaewmyJ -b,frSmvJ
-b,fwpfa,mufvJ -b,frSmvJ b,frSmvJ
[dk;rSm
[kwfw,f
tef&ef tef&rf
-tef&rf[&SrD; -tef&rf[&SrD;
tef&ef
*Gwfedkufu *Gwfedkuf
-tck oGm;Muawmh -aumif;NyD
*Gwfedkuf
rif; 'DrSmtdyfrvdkYvm;
ol b,fvdkxifoGm;rvJ
ighrSmjyóemwpfck&Sdw,f
jyóemwpfck&Sdw,f[kwfvm;
bmjyóemvJ
'DrSm ig
em;vnfNyD qufajymyg
ig tNrJwrf;tjcm;rdef;uav;wpfa,muf&JU emrnfudkac:rdavh&Sdw,f
wpfcgwpf&H igwdkYNyD;cgeD;&if
NyD;&ifa&m
'gayr,fh aumifrv;u pdwfqdk;NyD;awmh xGufoGm;wmMuD;yJ
ig xGufoGm;wJhaumifrav;awGeJYyufoufNyD; bmaemifw rSr&cJhygbl;
'gayr,fh olxGufoGm;&ifawmh ig wu,fudk0rf;enf;rdrSmyJ
'gu rif;rsufvHk;rSdwfxm;vdkYjzpf&wmyg
rif; rsufvHk;zGifhNyD;awmh vkyfaygh
-NyD;awmh -olUudk Munfhae
rif;rSm;awmhrSmr[kwfbl;
rif; bmajymaewmvJ
tckoGm;awmh
-NyD;awmh em;axmiftkef; -ajymav
-rif;&JUrsufvHk;udkzGifhxm;aemf -[kwfuJhyg q&m
c&pf&Sem;
-c&pf&Sem; -tpfudkqrfrm
-c&pf&Sem; -tpfudk udkvlwpfa,mufvmawGUaew,f
c&pf&Sem;
t&rf;tHhMozdkYaumif;wmyJ
cHpm;&wmawGu t&rf;ukdrdkufw,f
igh&JUtcsdefawGudk bk&m;ocifqDrSmyJjrKyfeSHxm;wJhtcsdefrSm
'DurÇmMuD;&JUraumif;rIawGudkbmrSrawGUcJh&bl;
'DtcsdefawGu cifAsm;udkowd&rdapw,f
tm;vHk;tqifajy&JUvm;
igu t&ifvdkygyJ
ig a,musfm;wpfa,muftjzpf&Sdaewkef;ygyJ
'gayr,fh wpfcgwpfavus&if rif; bk&m;ocifqDuaevrf;nTefrIawGudk&rSmyJav
NyD;awmh rif;vkyfaewJhtcsdefrSm vlwpfa,mufudkowfae&ovdk cHpm;&wmyJ
&m*sm eJY &l'&mu rif;udkawmfawmfav;udkaeSmifh,SufaecJhwmyJ
cifAsm; uRefawmfhudkxdatmifajymedkifygayw,f
bef*suf t&rf;awmfwmyJ
tck cifAsm; uRefawmfhqDubmarQmfvifhaewmvJ
uRefawmfhudk rk'def;usifhvdkYvm;
'DrSm cifAsm; uRefawmfhudkvdktyfvdkY uRefawmfhudkvm&SmcJhwmaygh
qrfrm&rf'uf rif;upkyfysufaeNyDjzpfwJhaoewfwpfvufyguGm
rif;udk b,folrSrvdktyfygbl;
&m*sm eJY &l'&m urif;ukdwpfaeYus&ifvmowfawmhr,f
NyD;awmh b,faeUqdkwmudk igu qHk;jzwfay;rSmyg
igu vdr®myg;eyfwJhpD;yGm;a&;orm;wpfa,mufyJav
b,fvdktusdL;&Sd&SdtoHk;cs&r,fqdkwmudk igodygw,f
rif;rSm rif;&JUcGeftm;awGusefao;&JUvm;
'grSr[kwf tm;vHk;aysmufuG,foGm;NyDvm;
uRefawmfhudkprf;Munfhygprf; uRefawmfu a,musfm;wpfa,mufvdk&Sdaewkef;ygyJ
-bmtvkyfvJ -rif;&JU vlawGudkpkvdkuf
NyD;awmh bk&m;ocifudkvnf;aumif;aumif;ekwfqufcJhvdkufawmh
uRefawmfu cifAsm;&JUaxmufyHhrIyJvdktyfwmyg
NyD;&if uRefawmfb,fvdkaygufuGJr,fqdkwmudkMunfhvdkufyg
[vdk [vdk
-[vdk -[vdk
-aeaumif;&JUvm; tif*sifeD,m av; -tm;vHk;aumif;ygw,f
olY&JUom;rufudk xkwfjyzdkYtwGufbmvdkY rpöwm&Sefuvm udk rajymcJhwmvJ
eSpf&ufyJvdkawmhw,fav
rif;&JUemrnfudkajymif;vdkyg 'gqdk&if rif;xkwfjycH&NyD
tdrfrSmraeyJeJY bmvdkY'DrSmtm;vHk;a&mufaeMuwmvJ
tpfukd&l'&muajymw,f
-tif; -bmvdkY aumifav;awGtukefvHk;'DrSmydkYxm;&wmvJ
'DAD&m aphpyfawmhrSmav rif; tm;vHk;udkzdwfcJhoifhw,f
'gu aysmfp&mtcrf;tem;yJav 'DvdkyGJrsdK;utjrJwrf;jzpfaewmr[kwfbl;
ig tckrDwmvDeJYtwlxGufvmawmhrSmyg
rDwmvD
oGm;Mu&atmif
ql'&m&Sef um;xkwfvdkufawmh
rvkyfygeJY rvkyfygeJY trSm;wpfckudkrusK;vGefvdkufprf;ygeJY
rvkyfvdkufygeJY rvkyfeJY
ao;i,fwJht&mav;awGudk aoqHk;jcif;udkrzefwD;edkifygbl;
NyD;awmh rm0g&Du ajcwpfvSrf;OD;oGm;NyDav
t&rf;acsmarmvSyaeyghvm;
-NyD;awmh igwdkY -q&m
q&m uRefawmfwdkY[dE´LvkdajymMu&atmif
ighrSm opöm&SdwJheSvHk;om;av;&Sdaeao;w,f
rif; olUudkod&JUvm;
-aumifrav; b,frSmvJ -b,faumifrav;vJ
rif; ighqDucdk;oGm;wJhaumifrav;aygh
'D&ufawGxJrSm rif;wdkYeSpfa,mufeJYtwl olvdyfjymwpfaumifvkd ysH0Jaewmyg
olUudk&Smprf; igh&JUMu,fyGifhav;udk&Smprf;
-om;av; tpm;taomufav;vmpm;ygtkef; -vmygNyD
rif;u pmtkyfawGtrsm;MuD;pkxm;wmyJ
'g bmMuD;vJ
jyefxm;vdkufyg rif;eJYrxdkufwefygbl;
ig 'gudkem;vnfygw,f
igu bmoma&;pmtkyfawGyJzufwmav
qm&mrdef;'k
bmudkqdkvdkwmvJ
'DrSm rdef;uav;awmhrawGUbl; 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwdkY 'Dzkef;udkawmhawGUw,f
ol 'DrSm&Sdw,f ol 'DtdrfrSm&Sdw,f
-olUudk&Smprf; olUudkvdkuf&Smprf; -aetkef;
cPaeygtkef;
cifAsm; ydkufqHvdkcsifwmrvm;
uRefawmf cifAsm;udkydkufqHay;yghr,f 'gayr,fh rDwmvDudkawmhoGm;cGifhay;vdkufyg
igh&JUydkufqHawGudkig jyef,ludk,lrSmyg
'gayr,fh 'DaeU ig'Dae&mudkaysmf&TifrItwGufvmcJhwmyJ
yxrqHk; igb*FvDav;&JU t&omudkcHpm;vdkuftkef;r,f
NyD;&if rif;udkuefxkwfypfr,f
NyD;&ifawmh rif;&JUygwemudkaygh
raumif;qdk;0g;u b[mrif;u i&Juvmwmav
ol eJYnSdMunfhvdkufaygh
q&m 'gawGudkarhvdkufygawmh
uRefawmfhudkcGifhvTwfyg q&mbef*suf
'gawGtm;vHk;u &m*sm&JU tpDtpOfawGyg
uRefawmfhu q&mhudkwu,fudkav;pm;wmyg
b[m*sufqdk*f udkav;pm;ovkdav;pm;wmyg
q&mhudkjyyg&ap
Munfhyg
Munfhygq&m
vl,kwfrm
om;av; tpm;vmpm;ygtkef;
vmcJhyg
-ajym -&m*sm xGufoGm;ygNyD
qrfrm awmfawmh
-&m*sm vmaeNyD -'DaumifawGeSpfaumifvHk;udk 'DaeYvkyfvdkufMu&atmif
rif; wpfa,mufwnf;udkawmifredkifyJeJY
ol a&mufvmwmeJY 'DeSpfa,mufu igwdkYudk'ku©ay;vdrfhr,f
-ol wpfa,mufwnf;yg igwdkYolUudkowfedkifw,f -ol rif;wpfa,mufwnf;udkyJowfvdrfhr,f um;ay:wufyg
-rif;em;rvnfygbl; -rif; udk,fwdkifawmifaorif;eJY&ifqdkifvdkuf&vdrfhr,f
-igajymwmudkem;axmifyg -oGm;Mu&atmif
oGm;r,f
-um;&yfvdkufprf; -bmjzpfvdkYvJ
-jrefjrefvkyf -vmyg qrfrm
jrefjrefvkyf
-rif;bmaMumifh -rif; ighudkypfcsifaewmvm;
ypfvkdufav ighudkypfvdkufprf;yg
em;axmif
igh&JUtdrfxJudk0ifvmNyD;awmh igh&JUypfrSwfudkowfcsifaew,f
jrefjrefvkyfyg
'gqdk&if ighudkowfvdkufprf;yg
jrefjrefvkyfyg
ighudkowfvdkufprf;yg
-uRefr &m*smudkzkef;qufr,f -rvkyfeJY
-igh&JU oli,fcsif;a&mufvmNyD -&m*sm
-b,folvkyfoGm;wmvJ -bef*suf oleJYtwlig toHudkrrSwfrdwJh
-aemufwpfa,mufvnf;ygao;w,f -olwdkYxGufoGm;NyD
[D&m
-'DAD,m &JYaphpyfyGJa&miftqifajy&JUvm; -xm;vdkufyg
[D&m vlemwifum;ac:prf;
ig rif;udkxm;cJh&awmhr,f oli,fcsif;
-rif;eJYtwl&SdaewJhtcsdefawGu ighb0twGuftaysmfqHk;tcsdefawGyg -bm
rif; ighudkb,fvdkxm;oGm;rSmvJ
&l'&mtouf&Snfygap
ig tmZef*&ufjynfe,f &Sef'Dvm tdrfawmu
&ef&S&efrmp&rf &JUom; &m*smrmp&rf
reufjzef aer0ifcifrSm rif;&JUaoqHk;jcif;udkvufwkefYjyefzdkYusdrfqdkw,f
'DvkdrSrjzpfcJhbl;qdk&if ighudk,figt&SifvwfvwfrD;&dIUaor,f
ypfrIao;ao;av;awGeJY rif;wdkYudk,frif;wdkYtzrf;cHvdkufMu
oHwdkifawGaemufrSmoGm;ae ae
tjyifutajctaeawGu rvHkjcHKawmhbl;
rif;uusawmha&m
ig 'DtajctaeudktqHk;owfr,f
-rif;wpfa,mufwnf;vkyfrSmudkigwdkYcGifhrjyKedkifbl; -ig vkyf&rSmyJ
rif;bmvkyfzdkYqHk;jzwfxm;vJ
bef*sufudk owfzdkYuvGJ&if bm&Sdtkef;rSmvJ
rif;a'goxGufoifhygw,f 'gayr,fhtckawmhrvkyfao;eJY
'gqdk&if b,ftcsdefvJ
'gu udk,fa&;udk,fwmudpöyg
bmedkifiHa&;rS ryg0ifbl;
&l'&mudk owfzdkYtwGuf bef*sufudkulnDcJhwJhvl aemufwpfa,muf&Sdao;w,f
uRefawmfolYudkyg vdkuf&Smaewm
bef*sufudk qefYusifwmu pepfwpfckvHk;udk qefYusifwmeJYtwlwlyJ
pepfudkvm; 'grSr[kwf cifAsm;udkvm;
ig rif;udktNrJwrf;axmufcHcJhwmyg
'gqdk uRefawmfhpdwfudkuRefawmfxdef;vdkYr&awmhwJhtwGuf
owdxm;zdkYtwGufpepfwpfckvHk;udkawmif;qdkvdkuf
NyD;awmh uRefawmfpepfwpfckvHk;udkyg udkifvIyfypfr,f
ig b,folajymwmrSem;raxmifbl;
tMuD;MuD;jzpfawmhr,f
-'Dwpfcguawmh &m*smtvSnfhyJ -um;udkab;z,fprf;
ig olUudktqifajyzdkYtwGuf vufpwkef;&rSmyg
bmawGjzpfaewmvJ &Sef&Sm
a[h t&l;xGufcJhprf;
-b,folvJ -aeaumif;&JUvm; bef*suf
-tpfudk uRefawmfhudkta<uav;r p yghvm; -oGm;prf;
rif;&l;oGm;NyDvm;
awmfygawmh &yf*sm &yfygawmh
'DrSm
rvkyfygeJY &m*sm
'DrSm &m*sm rif;udktm;vHk;awGUxm;wmaemf
-rif;b,fvdkrSrvGwfedkifbl; -iguvnf; rvGwfcsifygbl;
&m*sm
'DrSm &m*sm rif;rvGwfedkifbl;
'DrSm &m*sm rvkyfygeJY &m*sm
tpfudk
'DrSm ,lvdkuf
a[h 'DrSm rvkyfygeJY rvkyfygeJY
-'DaoewfukdazsmufypfrS&rSmaemf -vkyfvdkufyghr,f
rif;&JU &ifxJuyef;csD ydk;udkowfvdkufwmu rif;trSm;tMuD;MuD;usK;vGefvdkufwmyJ
-qufNyD;awmh qufoG,faeyg -[kwf
ulbm; vdkYvnf;ac:wJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifMuD; *smwifbef*sif[m
[mZmw*eD &ifjyifrSmaeYcif;aMumifawmifyJ towfcHcJh&ygw,f
&JawG qufvufNyD;pHkprf;ppfaq;aevQuf&SdwmawmifrS
'Dtjzpftysufu edkifiHa&;ZmwfcHkwpfckvHk;udk wkefvIyfoGm;apygw,f
vufcfaeSmif;u vlawGuvnf;'DvlowfrItaMumif;udk ajymjyzdkYtwGuf jiif;qefaeMuygw,f
rDwmvD igajymr,f
eifhtdrfudkjyefygawmh
uRefr xGufoGm;csifpdwf&Sdw,fqdk&if [dk;t&ifuwnf;uxGufoGm;rSmaygh
'g bmvJ
-'DaeYupNyD;awmh -eif &l;oGm;NyDvm;
'gu uRefr&JU[mav
uRefrwdkY&JU trsufa'goawGudkbmeJYyJwdkif;wkdif;
cHpm;csufawGuawmh wlnDaerSmyg
uRefr udk &SifeJYta0;wpfae&mudkrapvTwfygeJY
uRefrwdkY&JUoli,fcsif; &l'&m ae&mudktpm;rxdk;edkifbl;
'gayr,fh &Sifvdktyf&ifb,ftcsdefyJjzpfjzpf uRefr bmrqdkvkyfrSmyg
ig rif;udkpum;ajymzdkYtwGuf'DudkvmcJhwmyg rif;udkzrf;zkdYr[kwfygbl;
rif; vlvnfaumifMuD;rSm bef*sufudkowfcJhw,f
rif;udk wpfa,mufrSmrqefYusif&Javmufatmifudk
vlawGu rif;udkaMumufaeMuNyD
olwdkYaMumufaeMuwmr[kwfygbl; uRefawmfhudkav;pm;wmyg
bmyJjzpfjzpfyg
ig rif;udkcPavmufajc&mazsmufaeapcsifw,f
ajc&mazsmifae&r,f[kwfvm; cifAsm;u xGufajy;ygvdkYajymwmvm;
rif;ajc&maysmufaer,fqdk&if vlawGu rif;wnfjidrfoGm;NyDvdkYawG;Muvdrfhr,f
r[kwf&if bef*sufbufawmfom;awGu
vufpm;ajczdkYtwGuf olwdkYa'goawGxGufaeMuw,f
cifAsm; uRefawmfhudkjcdrf;ajcmufaewmvm;
uRefawmfu 'Dudpöudk&Sif;vif;atmifvkyfawmhrSmrvdkY
jcdrf;ajcmufaevnf; uRefawmfuaMumufrSmr[kwfbl; AkdvfMuD;
NyD;awmh uRefawmfu b[mrif yJ
uRefawmfu OmPfynm&Sd&SdMuD;jyif;vmwm
bef*suftwGufyJylaqG;aomua&mufaeygvdkY olY&JUbufawmfom;awGudkajymvdkuf
NyD;awmh t&rf;vnf;a'goxGufraeMuygeJYvdkY
r[kwf&if olwdkY&JUrdom;pk0ifawGtukefvHk; olwdkYtwGuf ylaqG;aomua&mufae&vdrfhr,f
rif; xGufoGm;r,fqkd&if 'gu&JawG&JU *kPfodu©mudkq,fwif&vnf;a&mufr,f
uRefawmfb,fudkrSoGm;rSmr[kwfbl;
q&mh&JU *kPfodu©mudkq&mwefzdk;xm;w,fqdk&if uRefawmfhudkzrf;vdkufyg
r[kwf&ifawmh uRefawmfhudkypfowfzdkY
aoewfypform;udkomtvkyftyfvdkufawmh
aumif;NyD &rfbmbl*sD;u rif;udkajymzdkYtwGuf ighudkvTwfvdkufwmyg
rif;&l;oGm;NyDvdkY igolUudkjyefajymvdkufr,f
uRefawmfh&JYtpfudk udkqHk;&HI;vdkuf&wmvdkY olUukdajymvdkufyg
NyD;awmh uRefawmfwdkY&JU&dk;&mudku rsufvHk;wpfvHk;twGuf rsufvHk;wpfvHk;udktpm;jyef,l&rSmyJ
uRefawmf ylaygif;wJh,Ofaus;rIudkvkdufemrSmr[kwfbl;
aemufxyfawGUqHkrIawGrSm uRefawmfwdkY&JU qHk;&HI;rIawGudkarhvdkufMuyg
trSm;jyKvkyfwJholuawmh ay;qyf&rSmyJ
NyD;awmh aemufwpfMudrfawGUqHkwJhtcsdefxd olUudktoufcsrf;omcGifhay;rSmr[kwfbl;
'gu uRefawmfh&JU,Ofaus;rItarGyJ
-ol igajymwmudkem;raxmifbl; -rif; olYudkMudK;pm;NyD;&Sif;jyoifhw,f
-rpöwmw&DywfwD olUudkoGm;ajymcGifhay;yg -oGm;Mu&atmif
bk&m;ocifaumif;csD;ay;ygap
igwdkY toufawGMum&Snfrae&awmhbl;qdkwm
rif;udkajymzdkYvmcJhwmyg
rif; bmyJjzpfjzpf
om;av; rif;udkaMumufMuwJhtwGuf b,folrS tazwdkYeJYrsufvHk;csif;,SOfNyD;rMunfh&Jygbl;
'gayr,fh tm;vHk;urif;bmjzpfrvJqdkNyD;
apmifhMunfhaeMuwmav
rif;wdkYeSpfa,mufu &efolawGtrsm;MuD;arG;cJhMuwmyJ
olwdkY igwdkYudkvnf;'Dtwdkif;csrf;omay;rSmr[kwfbl;
rif; igwdkYudktouf&SifvQufjrifcsifw,fqdk&if 'DjrdKUuaecPavmufxGufoGm;ay;yg
-'DrSm OD;av; -'DrSm om;
&l'&m &JUrdom;pktwGufvnf;pOf;pm;tkef;av
tck rif;uolYwdkYtwGufvnf;wm0ef&SdoGm;NyD
uRefreJU vdkufcJhyg
tpfr
olu ol&Jaumif;jzpfcsifvdkY rGefbdkif;udkoGm;cJhwmav
-oGm; -oGm;
uRefawmfwdkY 'Dvrf;uoGm;csifvdkY
-aumif;NyD oGm; -oGm;
rjzpfbl; 'gurjzpfedkifbl; vkyfaqmifwmuawmhaumif;ygw,f
igwdkY tjcm;b*FvDrdom;pkawGvdkyJ owÅd&Sdygw,f
'gayr,fh vlrItodkif;t0dkif;uvleJY vufxyfzdkYqdkwmawmh rjzpfedkifbl;
-jyefajymygtkef; -tar
tqifajyygw,f
-rif;u bmtvkyfvkyfwmvJ -uRefawmf bPfrSmvkyfwmyg
vufaxmufrefae*smyg
-vpm a&mb,favmuf&vJ -trsm;MuD;&ygw,f
taru olY&JUvpm udkodcsifvdkYvm; raumif;bl;aemf
eif igwdkYudktodray;yJeJY olpdrf;wpfa,mufudk'Dac:vmwmav
'gua&m aumif;wJhtjyKtrIyJvm;
OD;av; bmvdkYwpfcGef;rSrajym&wmvJ
OD;av;u uGefjrLepfr[kwfbl;vm;
'gu tHhMop&myJ
uGefjrLepfuvnf;'geJUyufoufNyD;bmvkyf&rSmvJ
uGefjrLepfu uGefjrLepfyJ
rdom;pku rdom;pkyJav
olu igwdkY&JUom;rufjzpfrSmyg
olUrsufeSmudkMunfhNyD;awmhudkajymedkifw,f
-'Dawmh olb*FvDr[kwfawmhvnf;bmjzpfvJ -MudKqdkygw,f
igh&JUajr;av;u oleJYyJvufxyf&r,f
tar bmvkfyaewmvJ
olu igh&JUom;rufyJav acsmvdkufwmaemf
ig olUudkvnf;av;pm;wmyJ
'gaMumifh igbmrSrajymyJaeaewmaygh
&m*sm;refp&m udkaxmufyHhaewmudk&yfzdkYtwGuf
tm;vHk;u &rfbmbludkawmif;qdkaeMuwm
bef*sufaoqHk;rIu pD;yGm;a&;avmuMuD;wpfckvHk;udkvnf; wkefvIyfoGm;apw,f
'DrSm bef*sufu igwdkYudka&m rif;udka&m axmufyHhay;cJhwmyg
tck oluaooGm;NyD a&G;aumufyGJrSm
igwdkY b,fvdk,SOfjydKifMurvJ NyD;awmh rif;aea&maumif;&JUvm;
&m*smu igh&JUaxmufyHhrIwpfckyJ&xm;wmr[kwfbl;
bm[mrif awGeJYrIpvifawGtm;vHk;eJY
Nynfe,fwpfckvHk; olUudkaxmufcHwmyJ
vli,fawGu olwdkY&JUol&Jaumif;tjzpf olUudkrSwf,lxm;wm
-'DrSm -bef&rf,m'uf rSm&HI;&HI;edkifedkif
qHk;jzwfcsufuawmhcsrSjzpfawmhr,f
aumif;NyD rif;ighudkenf;enf;tm;ay;vdkufwmyJ
'Dawmh rif; qmAefpwufeJY ajymvdkY&w,f
bef*suf&JUydkufqHawGb,frSmqdkwm olwpfa,mufyJodw,f
olUudkajymvdkufyg
uGefeuf&Sif qufoG,fvdkuf zGifhvdkuf
[vdk qmAefpwuf
rif; &m*smrefp&mudkbmrSrvkyfbl;qdk&if
'gu igwdkY&JUaemufqHk;pum;ajymqdkjcif;jzpfrSmyg
a&G;aumufyGJtwGuf wpfa,mufrS ydkufqHwpfusyfawmif&awmhrSmr[kwfbl;
yD;awmh eyef;vHk;NyD;awmhrS rif;tjrwfudkqHk;jzwfcsufcsvdkY&r,f
igu 'DedkifiH&JU ta&;ygwJhvlawG&JU
vQdKU0Sufcsuftm;vHk;udkodaewJhtwGufaMumifh ighudk zdtm;ay;zdkYvnf;rMudK;pm;ygeJY
NyD;awmh igolwdkYudkazmfxkwfypfvdkY&w,f
or®wMuD;&JUta&;ay:pnf;rsOf;u 'DedkifiHrSm toHk;0ifrSmyg
uRefawmf &m*sm&JUowif;bmrSr&xm;bl;
uRefawmfolUudk&SmawGUwmeJY cifAsm;qD vTwfvdkufygr,f
ol cifAsm;udkvmawmif;yefvdrfhr,f
awmif;yefr,f[kwfvm;
'gu uav;wpfa,mufvkyfoGm;wJhtrSm;r[kwfbl; &rfbmbl*sD
umbl; utowfcHvdkuf&wm
rif; umbl; &JUt"dyÜg,fudka&mem;vnf&JUvm;
bk&m;ocif&JUcsrf;omrIav bef*suf
rif; &m*sm udkb,fvdkvkyfr,fqdkwm qHk;jzwfrS&r,f
ig owif;pmawGudkapmifhzufaer,f NyD;&if rif;&JUa&G;aumufyGJ&HyHkaiGudkvTJvdkufr,f
*Gwfedkuf
'Dtouft&G,fa&mufrS ig&JUtoufarG;0rf;aMumif;tvkyfudkrajymif;edkifawmhbl;
vkyfoifhwmudkvkyfwmyJtaumif;qHk;jzpfrSmyg
vmyg um;ay:wuf
-pHkaxmufMuD; -ajymyg
tem;,lNyD;wJhaemufrSm bmvdkYedkifiHa&;avmuxJr0if&wmvJ
&m*smrefp&mvdk
*dkPf;pwm;rsdK;udkowfNyD;awmh tjrwfrxkwf&wmvJ
'Dawmh igwdkY&JUwdk;wufrIawGu 'Dtay:rSmyJrIwnfaewmyg
&m*smudk ekwfydwfay;edkifwJh
taMumufw&m;r&SdwJhvlwpfa,mufudk&Smyg
vmcJh atmufudkqif;cJh
b,ftcsdefus&if c,fr tdrfudkac:oGm;rSmvJ
aemufwpfywfus&if ightrsdK;awGtdrfoGm;rSm
ol b,fvdkaeao;vJoGm;MunhfrvdkY
eSpfvtwGif; tDw0g udkajymif;awmhrSm
udk,fpm;vS,fwpfa,muftaeeJY uRefawmfu vef'efudkoGm;&rSm
-uRefawmf roGm;cifowif;aumif;tcsdKYay;tkef; '&m&Sefqdk*f -tif;yg
b,favmufa0;a0;oGm;Mutkef;rvJ
a[;b[m0rfeD
tck rif;igwdkYMuHKawGUae&wJhtcuftcJawGudkodoGm;NyD
rif; 'geJYenf;enf;awmh&ifqdkif&tkef;e,f
-rif; cHpm;rd&JUvm; -tif; uRefawmfodygw,f
vufeufcszdkYtwGuf cifAsm;bmawGawmif;qdkrvJ
yxrqHk; rif;ighudkrav;pm;awmhbl;
NyD;awmh ighudktusyftwnf;jzpfatmifvkyfaeMuNyDav
tck rif;csefb,f&JUe,fajrxJudka&mufaeNyDqdkwmudk em;vnfzdkYarQmfvifhygw,f
'Dae&mudk&Jt&m&SdawGu cPcParhaeMuw,fav
rif; pdwfwdkaewmyJ
'Dawmh cifAsm;bmawGawmif;qdkrvJ
yxrwpfck igh&JU*dkPf;wpfckvHk; axmifxJrSmyJ twlwlaer,f
tdkauw,faemf
'kwd,wpfckuawmh igwdkYuav;awG
vGwfvGwfvyfvyfpmoifedkifzdkY tdrfudkjyefedkif&r,f
bmusefao;vJ
NyD;awmh igwdkYvufeufrcsifrSDwpf&ufrSm
bDyg&Smbql uigwdkYtwGuf'DrSm azsmfajzay;&r,f [kwfNyDvm;
-'gu t&rf;udktHhMozdkYaumif;rSmyJ - bDyg&Smbql vm;
igwdkY upGefYvTwfrItMuD;MuD;vkyfaewmav
igwdkY aysmfp&mav;r&edkifbl;vm;
q&m tpdk;&
'gayr,fh bmy&Smu oabmrwlbl;qdk&ifawmh uRefawmfwdkY olYudktwif;ajymvdkYawmhr&bl;
MudK;pm;Munfhyg zsufqD;zdkYawmhrMudK;pm;ygeJY
uRefawmfwdkYMudK;pm;Munfhyghr,f q&m
aemufeSpf&ufMum&if igwdkYudkzkef;qufvdkuf
-oGm;&atmif '&m&Sef -a[h
ol oGm;vdkYr&bl;
ol 'DrSmyJae&r,f NyD;awmh bmy&Smu 'DrSm u jyrSmav
tJh'dvdkomrjzpfvmbl;qdk&if
aemufwpfywfMum&if rif; olYtmokbudkjyifxm;vdkufawmh
r[kwfbl; r&bl;q&m ig 'DrSmraeedkifbl;
olUudk rsufvHk;pnf;vdkufawmh
b,fudkoGm;rvdkYvJ q&m
-igjyefvmcJhr,f -q&m uRefawmfhudkrxm;cJhygeJY
-a[h &yfprf;
-q&m -&yfprf;
igwdkYeJY aeprf;yg
q&m uRefawmf'DrSmraeedkifbl;
uRefawmfh&JUrdef;ru AdkufMuD;aewm uRefawmf'DrSmraeedkifbl;
rif;u uav;arG;&rSmr[kwfygbl;
pdwfrylygeJY igwdkY;rif;udkwpfywftwGif;rowfygbl;
ig cPavmufao;aygufvdkY&rvm;
rif; olwdkYawGuwpfa,mufudk bmyg&SmvdkY oabmxm;vdkuf
NyD;&if axmifxJrSmoGm;aysmfawmh oGm;r,f
vmcJhprf; oDcsif;qdkaewmawmfavmufNyD
rif;u bomrJh zdkUapmfum;aewmyJ
wu,fhbmomrJhawGu acmwfa[mif;awGqD jyefavQmufvSrf;avh&Sdygw,f
-rm'dkqifhrefcrfqifh -yefqdk*f
q&mtm&efqifh ar;cGefav;wpfckavmufar;csifvdkYyg
-wpfa,mufwnf;udkifwG,fcJhwm -vm '&uf&Sef
vmyg
'Dawmh rpöwmtm&ef
q&mu tcsdefwpf&ufwnf;eJY wpfa,mufwnf;
'DvdktEÅm&,fMuD;rm;wJh *dkPf;wpfckvHk;udk b,fvdkrsm;&Sifvif;vdkufwmygvJ
uRefawmfu cGeftm;eJYr[kwfyJeJY pdwfcHpm;rIeJYwdkufcdkufcJhvdkYaygh
tar&duefudk Oyrm,lMunfhyg
olwdkYawGt&rf;udktif;tm;awmifhwif;ygw,f
'gayr,fholwdkY tNrJwrf;tedkif&&JUvm;
bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh tjcm;wpfbufu pdwfcHpm;rIjzpfaevdkYaygh
aumif;ygw,f q&mtm&efqifh 'gayr,fh
-aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmh olwdkYudkajz&Sif;vdkufyg -tdkau tdkau
-rif;tJh'drSm&SdaerSmvm; -[kwfw,f tJh'drSmigukd,fwdkif&Sdaer,f
-ajymyg q&m -igwdkY rif;udkvkcfaeSmif; rSmvdktyfaew,f
ta&;MuD;w,f
uRefawmftJh'dukdreufjzefvmcJhyghr,f
wpf&uf eSpf&ufr[kwfbl;aemf
rif;udk 'Dae&mudkajymif;&rSm
ig cGifhjyKrdefYawGtm;vHk;vkyfNyD;oGm;NyD
q&mhrSm cGifhjyKrdefYawG&SdNyD;om;qdk&if uRefawmf tJh'dudkrMumcifa&mufvmrSmyg
owif;aumif;yJ q&m
eSpfvtwGif; uRefawmfu vef'efudk udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpfoGm;&rSm
-q&m eSpfrdeSpfavmufygyJ -aocsmygw,f
tJh'dt&if rif;'DtvkyfudktqHk;owfedkifrSmyg
q&m uRefawmfwdkYtcsdefr&Sdawmhbl; uRefawmfwdkY owif;ydkY&r,fav
cPavmufyJtcsdefay;yg q&m
q&m vli,fawGtwGufbmrsm;ajymcsifygovJ
'DrSm rif;tckigh&JUpdwfcHpm;rIawGudkedk;qGaew,f
ig rif;udkyg;&dkufvdkufr,fqkd&if rif;usdefaewJhb0wpfavQmufvHk; owif;xl;tjzpfygoGm;rSmyJ
vli,fawGtwGuf ajymMum;csufav;vdkcsifao;vm;
-awmif;yefygw,f -xGufoGm;prf;'
rif;vdk &J&ifhwJhppfol&Jaumif;uyJ owfedkifr,fh
raumif;qdk;0g; ppfonfawmfwpfa,muf'DrSm&Sdaew,f
b,folvJ
&*smrefp&m
'gqdk&if uRefawmfrdom;pkqDtvnfoGm;vdkuf&ifaumif;rvm;
-rdom;pkqDudkvm; -[kwfw,f qkawmif;zdkYav
bmjzpfvdkYvJ
q&modygw,f tjypfwpfckusK;vGef&awmhr,fqdk&if
vlwpfa,muf t&ifqHk;cGifhvTwfrIudkawmif;qdkw,fav
olu wu,facsmwmyJ
oluawmh eifhtarudkolYbufygatmifvkyfedkifoGm;NyD
-wu,fudkaumufuspfwmyJ -awmfygawmh taz
&m*sm taMumif;t"dyÜg,fr&SdwmawGqufrajymygeJYawmh
raumif;wJhaumifav;jzpfaer,fqdk&if ydkNyD;awmhMunfhaumif;Muw,fav
'D&mpkeSpftwGufqdk&if ydkNyD;awmhaumif;wmaygh
udk,fhudkudk,fvnf;jyefMunfhvdkufygtkef;
'Dawmh igu&dk;om;wJhvlwpfa,mufjzpfaewJhtwGuf 'DavmuMuD;eJY tqifrajybl;av
bmajymaew,fqdkwmudk em;rvnfedkifbl;
t"dyÜg,fr&Sdvdkufwm
tar uRefawmfu vlqdk;vm; vlaumif;vm;qdkwmudk
uRefawmfhudkckcsdefxda0cGJr&jzpfaewkef;yJrvm;
tarh&JU rDwmvD,HkMunfrIu tvGJtacsmfjzpfrSmr[kwfygbl;
ig rodbl;
rif; igwdkYqDuydkufqHacs;xm;w,f
-NyD;awmh q,fhig;&uftwGif;jyefay;r,fvdkYuwday;cJhw,f -ajz;ajz;csif;
-ajz;ajz;csif; [kwfvm; ightpfudk -'gayr,fh tcku&ufeSpfq,fxufawmifausmfaeNyDav
NyD;awmh uRefawmfckcsdefxdwpfjym;rSawmifr&ao;bl;
'DrSmyJ&yfraeeJYav ydkufqH oGm;pDpOfav
igwdkYuawmh 'DaeYydkufqHr&bl;qdk&if
rif;rdef;r&JU vuf0wfvufpm;awGudkodrf;oGm;&rSmyJ
olvm;
em;axmif
'DrSm
olUudkay;vdkufyg
rif;ubmaMumifh 0ifyg&wmvJ
ig olUudkajymaewmudkrif;rjrifbl;vm;
orD;u tdrfjyefa&mufaeNyD
olu aumifrav;&JU{nfhonfjzpf&r,f
rif; bmajymvdkufwmvJ
igh&JUorD;taMumif;udkrif;bmajymvdkufwmvJ
rif;&JU orD;ut&rf;acsmwmyJvdkYajymwmyg
ol tdrfjyefvmNyDav
tck rif;ydkufqHxyfacs;p&mrvdkawmhbl;aygh
a[h
b,folu t&ifpNyD;awmhxdk;wmvJ ajymav
ol vkyfwmyg q&m olvkyfwm
a[h aumifav;
rif; 'DaumifawGeJYb,fvdkyufoufaewmvJ
-q&mbmajymvdkufwmvJ -rif;u b*FvDr[kwfbl;vm;
r[kwfygbl; uRefawmfub*FvDr[kwfbl;
uRefawmfheJY a0;a0;aezdkYajymaewmyg
q&m oluq&mhudkvbfxdk;zdkYMudK;pm;aewmyg
vbfxdk;wmu tvkyfjzpfrSmr[kwfbl;
q&m aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmhem;axmifay;yg
'gu bef*ef yJ vbfpm;rIr&Sdbl;
tEd´,u tod&cufjcif;wdkif;jynfyJ
&mxl;awGudk [dE´LawGyJ&,lxm;w,f
-MudKqdkygw,f -b,fa&mufaewmvJ
bm'gbZm &Jpcef;udkwpfa,mufa,mufudkzkef;qufckdif;vdkuftkef;
-uvuwÅm; uvm; -uRefawmfhudk taMumif;jycsufr&SdyJzrf;xm;w,f
-b,ftcsdefjyefvmrSmvJ -rMumcifaygh
-aetkef; -uRefawmfjyefvmwJhtcsdefus&if tajctaeawGuawmhwif;rmukefr,f
vlwdkif; 'gudkod&r,f
[vdk q&m
tkdau q&m tdkau
-oGm;r,f -odNyD
aetkef;
cPaeygtkef;
-rif; b,folUtwGuftvkyfvkyfaew,fqdkwmbmvdkYapmapmurajymwmvJ -tqifajyygw,f
-tat;av;aomufoGm;yghvm; -raomufawmhygbl;
-aumif;ygNyD vufzuf&nf jzpfjzpfaumfzDjzpfjzpfaomufyghvm; -&ygNyD aus;Zl;wifygw,f
a&av;awmhoGm;aomufyg
&ygNyD bmrSrjzpfygbl;
ygcsdK&D
bef0rf udkzkef;qufvdkuf
,m'uf &m*smumvuwÅm;rSma&mufaewm 'gayr,fh ol b,ftcsdefrqdkjyefvmedkifw,f
aumif;w,f
-pHkaxmufMuD; -ajymyg q&m
-owdxm;yg &m*smu b,ftcsdefrqdkjyefvmedkifw,faemf -tif;yg
qefrm,m'uf
-qefrm,m'uf -&yfprf;
&yfprf;
-bkef;MuD;ygap -cifAsm;wdkYtm;vHk;udkawGU&wm0rf;omygw,f
cifAsm;wdkY ar;cGef;awG p NyD;awmhrar;cifrSm
uRefawmhb0u tEÅm&,f&SdaewJhtwGuf
uRefawmfudk,fhudktzrf;cHvdkufNyDvdkYajymcsifygw,f
pDtrftdk vlowfrIudpörSm q&mhudk
qefYusifaewJhrsufjrifoufaoawG&Sdygw,f
rif; udk,fhudkudk,fav;pm;wJhtaeeJY
'Dvdkar;cGef;rsdK; rar;oifhbl; olu 'DrSmordkif;wpfckudka&;qGJzdkYvmcJhwmyg
oludk,fawmiftzrf;cHaewmav rif;rMum;vdkufbl;vm;
olYudk 'Dac:vmcJh
w&m;olMuD;awGa&mufaeNyD
-olUudk igha&SUac:vmprf; -&m*sm
rif;udk b,folwm;jrpfaewmvJ
'DtoHu uRefr tJh'daeUuMum;cJh&wJhtoHyJ
&m*sm 'Dvlu tJh'daeUu bef*sufeJYtwlwlygvmwJhwpfa,mufyJ
uRefawmf &l;aewmr[kwfygbl;
-uRefawmfu bmomw&m;udkif;&dIif;olwpfa,mufyguRefawmfbmoma&;pmtkkyfawGzufw,f -qefrm,m'uf
ol &l'&mudkypfowfcJhwJhaumifjzpf&r,f
bef*sufu trdefYay;cJhwm
ig jyefawmhr,f rDwmvD
igh&JUoli,fcsif;udkowfoGm;wJhvlowform;u
wpfae&m&mrSmykef;aeNyD;awmh jyHK;aewJhtwGuf
'Daysmf&TifrIu tjynfht0rcHpm;&bl;
'gayr,fh igqrfrm,m'ufeJY awGUNyD;wmeJY
igwdkY aemufwpfMudrfjyefawGUMur,fvdkY uwday;w,f
ighudkapmifhaeyg
tif; tm;vHk;tqifajy&JUvm;
uRefawmf tck vkcfaeSmif;udka&mufaeNyD
rif; b,frSmaerSmvJ
-[vdk -[vdk
-uRefawmfwdkYtdrfjyefMurvm; -tdrfrjyefbl; tEÅm&m,f&Sdw,f
igwdkY qefrm,m'ufudkrowf&ao;orQ
ig b,fvdktcuftcJrsdK;eJYrSrawGUcsifbl;
'gu rcdkifbl;
wpfcsufypfvdkufwmeJYwif yGifhxGufoGm;vdrfhr,f
[vdk
[vdk tpfudk
'gu tpfudk&JUtdrfyJ
tpfudkaecsifoavmuf 'DrSmaevdkY&w,f
atmufxyfrSmu uRefawmfh&JUrdom;pk tay:rSmu q&mhtwGufyJ
bmjyóemrSawGU&rSmr[kwfbl;
-rif; bk&m;ausmif;oGm;vm; -t*FgaeYwdkif;oGm;ygw,f
ig'DrSm&SdaeorQumvywfvHk; t*FgaeYwdkif;
tdrfuaebk&m;ausmif;oGm;NyDwmeJY jyefvmcJh
-tjcm;bmtvkyfrSrvkyfawmheJY -[kwfuJh
em;axmif rif;bmaygufu&vkyfwmrS igrvdkcsifbl;aemf
-em;vnfvm; -[kwfuJhyg
ig aqmif&GufzdkYtwGuftpDtpOfqGJaew,f
NyD;wmeJY igcsufcsif;xGufoGm;r,f
rif;&JUoabmxm;MuD;rIudk igb,fawmhrS arhrSmr[kwfbl;
tlxmy&m'ufu &m*smaorSmudk qufNyD;awmhuefYuGufaetkef;r,fqdk&if
olwdkYudk jidrfatmifxdef;zdkYu rif;&JUtvkyfyJ
tjyeftvSeftaeeJY rif;eJY
,SOfjydKifNyD;awmh a&G;aumufyGJ0ifzdkY igh&JUtm;tenf;qHk;edkifiHa&;orm;ajcmufa,mufudk ae&may;r,f
&m*sm aooGm;wmeJY tlxmy&m'ufpfu vlawGu ighpum;udkem;axmifawmhrSmr[kwfbl;
igajymwmem;axmifygtkef;
edkifiHa&;tvkyfeJY Zdrfr,ftvkyfu wu,fudka&S;a[mif;tvkyfudkifawGyg
NyD;awmh tvkyfeSpfckvHk;rSm jidrf;csrf;rIeJY owdxm;jcif;qdkwJht&meSpfck&Sdw,f
&m*smudk owfzdkYtwGufrif; aoewform;iSm;r,fqdk&if
tJh'daoewform;vnf; olY&JUb0udkpGefYvTwfvkduf&vdrfhr,f
rif; zufaewm &m*sm&JU zdkifvm; 'grSr[kwf tnSdta[mifpmtkyfudkzufaewmvm;
&m*smeJY &l'&m&JU zkdifawGudkxkwfa0oifhw,fq&m
olwdkYawGrSm t&rf;aumif;wJhtwdwfawG&Sdw,f
'gayr,fh wpfckuawmh&Sif;ygw,f
tmPm&SdwJholwpfa,mufuomraxmufyHhay;xm;&if
olwdkY 'gawGbmwpfckrSvkyfedkifrSmr[kwfbl;
&m*sm udkb,folaxmufyHhay;xm;wmvJ
&rfbmbl&Sefuvm
ol u0efMuD;csKyfyJ
q&m &m*smudkzrf;csifw,f tqHk;owfcsifw,fqdk&if
uRefawmfu 'DrSmpDeD,mtusqHk;qdkwmudkem;vnfxm;vdkufawmh
rif; bmqHk;jzwfr,fqdkwmudk ig*&krpdkufbl;
&m*smaoNyD;rSmyJ iguawmh
a&G;aumufyGJ&HyHkaiGudkay;edkifr,f
&m*sm wpfa,mufwnf;aorSmr[kwfbl;aemf
vlawGtrsm;MuD;toufqHk;&HI;&vdrfhr,f
ig*&krpdkufygbl;
-olwdkYxJu wpfa,mufuawmhrif;&JUvljzpfvdrfhr,f -b,folvJ
qrfrm,m'uf
olu rif;&JUaxmifxJrSmav
ol xGufvmwJhtcgus&if &m*smu ykef;aewJhae&muaexGufvmvdrfhr,f
rif;udk,frif;awmif rxdef;csKyfedkifbl;
rif;vnf;'DrSm jydKifyGJudkMunfhzdkYvmwmvm;
ig 'Dudkeyef;yGJudkMunfhzdkYvmwm[kwfbl; ig pdwfr0ifpm;bl;
-ig rif;udkowday;zdkYvmcJhwm -bmjzpfvdkYvJ
&m*sm tck vkcfaeSmif;rSma&mufaeNyD
bm
rif;u olowfzdkY&nf&G,fxm;wJhvlwpfa,mufvdkY ig Mum;w,f
'Dawmh olbmvkyfedkifrSmrvdkYvJ
igu axmifxJrSmav
olvnf; axmifxJrSmtMumMuD;aecJhzl;wmyJ
olUtwGuf b,foltvkyfvkyfay;aew,fqdkwmudk igwdkYrodbl;
-olUudkzrf; -olUudkzrf;
olU&JUajcaxmufudkcsKyfxm; olUudkzrf;
vm vm vmprf;
olu b,folvJ
b,folvkyfwmvJ b,folvkyfwmvJ
b,faumif ighudkowfzdkYMudK;pm;wmvJ
b,folvJ
-MudKqdkygw,f -aumif;csD;ay;ygap
'DrSm oGm;wdkufqHa& qD&,f NyD;awmh bDpupfrkefYav;xkyf
'gawGu rif;rdom;pkuydkYay;vdkufwmyJ
&yfprf;
&yfprf; &yfprf;
xGufoGm;prf;
-rif;udkb,folaxmifxJydkYvdkufwmvJ -rif;bmvkyfwmvJ qrfrm
-olu w&m;&Hk;rSmtrI&ifqdkifae&wm -rif;udk b,folvTwfvdkufwmvJ
ol 'DaeYyJaxmifudkydkYcJh&wm b,fvdkvkyfNyD; rif;&JU&efoljzpfedkifrSmvJ
ol ighudkpdkufMunfhaecJhwm
rif;u axmifxJrSmemrnfMuD;wpfa,mufyg
olu rif;&JUaemufvdkufyJjzpf&r,f
[kwfw,f ighrSmaemufvdkufawGtrsm;MuD;&Sdw,f
ig b,folUudkrScsrf;omay;rSmr[kwfbl;
tvkyfjyefvkyfMuprf;
vlawGu rif;&JUowÅdudkar;cGef;xkwfaeMuNyD
rif;aMumufaew,fvdkY olwdkYuxifaeMuw,f
-q&m -rD'D,m
rD'D,m eJY&if;eSD;wJhvlawGudkyJ vlawGu rJxnfhwmaemf
axmifxJuxGufoGm;vdkufprf;yg
rif;tJhvdkvkyfvdkufwmeJY &m*sm rif;udkvdkufowfvdrfhr,f
rif; rlrm &JUtultnDeJY olUudkowfvdkY&w,f
'gaMumifh q&m uuRefawmfhudk'Dae&mudkac:wmvm;
rif; &m*sm udkwpfa,mufwnf;rowfedkifbl;
tJh'dtwGuf rif;OmPf&nfOmPfaoG;&SdNyD;awmh
oefrmwJh qrfrm,m'ufvdk r[mrdwfrsdK;vdkw,f
em;vnfvm;
ig rif;tmrcHeJY vTwfzdkYtwGufpDpOfay;r,f
qrfrm,m'uf
-tpfudkqrfrm MudKqdkygw,f -aumif;csD;ay;ygap
qrfrm,m'uf
cifAsm;&JU toufu tcktEÅm&m,f&SdoGm;NyDr[kwfvm;
ighrSm tcktaMumufw&m;qdkwmr&Sdawmhbl;
tck igbk&m;ocifqDrSmyJcdkvHIawmhr,f
-cPaeygtkef; q&m -em;vnf&JUvm;
q&m tmrcHeJYvGwfvmwmvm; 'grSr[kwf tckvdkMuD;rm;wJh&mZ0wfrIMuD;uae
tNyD;vGwfvmwmvm;
q&m uRefawmfwdkYudkajymjyrSjzpfr,f
q&m rD'D,mawGudkajymrSjzpfr,f
qrfr,m ,m'ufu tmrcHydkufqHay;NyD;awmh
xGufvmwmudkrif;uawGUvdkYvm;
oGm;Mu&atmif
-aeaumif;&JUvm; -tm;vHk;tqifajyygw,f
-tm;vHk;tqifajyw,f -MudKqdkygw,f acgif;aqmifMuD;
pufbD;pD; jydKifyGJuaetm;vHk;udkMudKqdkygw,f
'DeSpfrSawmh uRefawmfwdkY&JUtdrfeD;csif; qm&ufu
uRefawmfhtwGuf tpDtpOfwpfckvkyfxm;ygw,f
-bmvkyfxm;wmvJ -'DrSm
t&l;aumif
pyfpyfav; vkyfay;
vSvdkufwm
t&rf;xufw,faemf
wpfck vdkcsifvdkYvm;
pm;vdkuf
qrfrm u wu,fawmfwmyJ
ol tvkyfudktqHk;owfNyD;awmh bk&m;ausmif;xJrSmykef;aew,f
ig olUaemufudkoHk;&ufawmifvkdufcJh&w,f
ol wpfaeYudkeSpfMudrfyJtjyifxGufw,f
wpfcgwpfav aeYbuf wpfcgwpfav nbuf
-nbufutqifajyw,fq&m -r[kwfbl;
igwdkY olUudkaeYbufrSmyJowfr,f
aeYbufqdk t&rf;vlawG&Iyfw,f
ig&l'&m aoqHk;jcif;twGuf vufpm;ajcvdkufwmudk
vlwdkif;udk odcGifhay;&r,f
'Dawmh vlrsm;awmhvnf;bmjzpfvJ
tJh'drSmyJ igolUudkowfr,f
'gu &m*luvefwdkY&JU &kd;&myJ
rif;&JU b0udkedrfhcsyg 'gayr,fh rSb,fawmhrSt"dXmefudkrzsufeJY
ig rif;udkyg;&kdufvdkufawmhr,f
bk&m;ocifudkcsD;rGrf;yg
-MudKqdkygw,f -MudKqdkygw,f
&yfprf; &yfprf;
yg;&dkufvdkufawmhr,f
z,fprf;
ig &l'&mudkrowfrjzpfowfcJh&wmyg
igwdkY&JU tvkyfrSm 'gujzpfaeusyJav rif;odygw,f
ighudkcGifhvTwfay;yg
'Dvdkcsrf;omay;rIudk igb,fawmhrSrarhbl;qdkwm usdrfqdk&Jygw,f
ig rif;udkaeY&ufwdkif;rSmaocsifaecJhwm qrfrm,m'uf
wpfaeYudkoHk;Mudrf
'DvdkrsdK;pDpOfaecJhwm
NyD;awmh igrif;tay:tNrJta<u;wifaerSmyJ
rif; wu,fudkaooGm;NyDvm;
rif;u b,folvJ
rif; 'Dudpöudkt&rf;pdwfvIyf&Sm;aewJhyHkyJ
rif;udk qrfrm,m'ufub,favmufay;cJhvJ
igu tpdk;&&JUvpmudkpm;aewkef;yJ
emrnfuawmh tm&Gefqifhrlrm yJ
-csefbmu tapmifhawGudkapmifhMunfhaew,f -'Dawmh rif;ighudkrSwfrdwmaygh
'DrSm igvkyfp&m&SdwmudkigvkyfcJhwmyg
rif; ighudkypfcsif&if ypfowfvdkufvkdY&w,f
ig rif;udkrowfygbl; rif;u wu,fudkawmfwJhaumifyg
'DrSm rif;ighudkoGm;cGifhay;wmyJjzpfjzpf wdkufcdkufwmyJjzpfjzpf
[dk;rSm olyJ
&rfbmbl*sD or®wMuD;eJYjynfxJa&;0efMuD;uvGJ&if
igwdkYvdk 0efMuD;awGu toufMuD;wJhtcsdefrSm vHkjcHKrIr&Sdbl;
rdom;pk0ifawGa&m igwdkYudkaxmufyHhwJholawGa&myJ
ydkufqHwpfckwnf;uyJ igwdkUudkaxmufyHhay;edkifw,f
tck pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGtukefvHk;xGufajy;ukefNyD
-&m*sm rmp&mu -ig bmvkyf&rSmvJ
q&m
ig
-rif;&JU&nf&G,fcsufudkurSm;aecJhwmyJ -q&m uRefawmfMudK;pm;
'gaMumifh yJolvGwfajrmufoGm;wmaygh
ol prfrm,m'ufudkowfNyD;awmh ydkNyD;awmhawmifemrnfMuD;oGm;NyD
-ighudkajymprf;yg -&m*sm b,frSmqdkwmigvnf;rodbl;
&rfbmbl*sD aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmh
&m*sm b,frSmqdkwm pOf;pm;Munfhyg
rif;olwdkYudkac:cJhwmvm;
-r[kwfygbl; q&m uRefawmf -awmfprf;
-cGifhjyKyg -t&l;
olwdkYu pme,fZif;u
olwdkYudk0ifcGifhay;vdkuf
-aeaumif;&JUvm; -rif;&JUcsD;rGrf;rIyg
-tdkau ygw,fom;av; -[vdk tpfudk
&m*smu q&mhudkpum;ajymcsifaew,f
'DrSmyg
-[vdk -awGU&wm0rf;omygw,f q&m
-rif;b,frSmvJ -cifAsm; 'gudkodcsifwmvm;
-'grSr[kwf urÇmMuD;udkajymjyrvdkYvm; -bmqdkvdkwmvJ
uRefawmf'DjrdKUudkjyefa&mufwm q&mwpfa,mufyJodw,f
'Dawmh qrfrm,m'ufub,fvdkvkyfNyD;awmh &JawG&JUtumtuG,fudk&ae&wmvJ
NyD;awmh csefbm&JUvHkjcHKa&;awGeJY tm&efqifh udkvnf;awGUcJhw,f
bmyJjzpfjzpfyg uRefawmfuvufpm;ajcNyD;oGm;NyD
NyD;awmh &JawGvnf;'gudkbmrSrwwfedkifygbl;
uRefawmfxGufoGm;NyDqkdwmudkajymzdkYtwGuf cifAsm; udkzkef;qufvdkufwmyg
vdyfpmtopf emrnftopf
vkyfief;topfawGeJY b0topfwpfckpwifzdkYaygh
uRefawmfhaemufudkvdkufzdkYtwGuf
&JawGudkvTwfvdkufwm cifAsm;rSmwm0ef&Sdaew,fqdk&ifawmh
uRefawmf t&ifyHkpHeJYjyefvmNyD;awmh
tm;vHk;ajAmif;qefukefr,f
NyD;awmh uRefawmfq&mhudkvnf;csrf;omay;rSmr[kwfbl;
ig rif;udk&m*smtzGJUrSmt&ifurawGUzl;ygbl;
ol uRefawmfhudkaemufrSawGUwmyg
pum;rpyf 'D&ufydkif;rSmawmh ol uRefawmfhudkt,HkMunfqHk;yJ
rif;u toufqufNyD;r&Sifawmhr,fhvlwpfa,mufudk
rif;u opöm&SdaewmyJ
bmudkajymcsifwmygvJ
bk&m;ocifudk&dkaoqnf;uyfwmeJY edkifiHa&;rSmyJ
opöm&SdrItwGuf qkv'f&Sdw,fvdkYajymcsifwmyg
-'Dudkvm -[kwf
-eifvmcJhrSmvm; -[kwfw,f
&Sifhudk,f&Sif *&kpdkufyg
'DrSm q&mh&JUywfpydkYyg
tdkau
rSefvm; rSm;vm; MunfhMunfhygtkef;
bmu rSefNyD; bmurSm;w,fqdkwmudk igb,fwkef;urSrodbl;
'gayr,fh tckcsdefrSmbmyJjzpfjzpf rSefw,f
rif;wdkYtm;vHk;udk,fh&Gmudkudk,fjyefMu
-rif;wdkY&JU axmufyHhay;cJhrIawGtwGufaus;Zl;wifygw,f -tpfudk
NyD;awmh yef;csDq&mav;
-rif;u igheSvHk;om;udkpdk;rdk;oGm;cJhwmyJ -uRefawmfhudkrsufeSmylatmufrvkyfygeJY
-tpfudkY&JU aoewfvm; -ig 'D[mawGudkrvkdawmhbl;
ol bmaMumifh'Dwnfhwnfudkarmif;vm&wmvJ
rif;&JUZmwfaMumif;udkighxufydkNyD;awmh b,folrSajymjyedkifawmhrSmr[kwfbl; &m*sm
vmcJh 'DuaeoGm;Mu&atmif
pHkprf;ppfaq;rIawG qufvufNyD;aqmif&Gufaewkef;ygyJ
NyD;awmh &JawGureufcif;uwnf;uwifxm;wmyg
*dkPf;acgif;aqmifMuD; &m*sm
um;AHk;aygufuGJrIrSmaoqHk;oGm;cJhw,fvdkY ,lq&wJh
vkcfaeSmif;ta0;ajy;vrf;ray:u yHk&dyfawGyg
&m*smrefp&momaocJhr,fqdk&if
rif;b,frSmvJ avqdyfrSmvm;
[kwfygw,fq&m a'vDudkjyefrvdkYyg
rif; a'vDudkjyefa&muf&ifighudkzkef;qufvdkuf
ig rif;udkrif;&wmawGvufcHxm;r,f
bmyGJawmfvJ q&m
rif;u tpkd;&uajrwpfuGufcsD;jrifhxm;w,fav
q&mu t&rf;udkMuifemwwfwmyJ
ajruGufudkrif;udk,fwdkifMunfhzdkYtwGuf igvmac:yghr,f
[kwfuJhygq&m
[kwfuJhyg q&m
eSpf&uftwGif; ig rlrm;udkolU&JUajruGufvdkufjyr,f
olu xl;cRefwJh&Jt&m&Sdwpfa,mufyg
igwdkY owdxm;zdkYvdkw,f
rif;twGufvnf; jyifqifxm;tkef;
aus;Zl;wifygw,f
r*FvmaeYvnfcif;yg
yef;csDq&mav; rif;uigh&JUeSvHk;om;udkydkifpdk;oGm;wmyJ
tpfudk uRefawmfhudkrsufeSmylatmifvkyfaew,f
-q&maoewfvm; -ig 'gudkrvdktyfawmhbl;
'Dawmh &rfbmbl;uvnf; rif;udkpnf;&Hk;vdkufNyDaygh
bmjyefvkyfay;zdkY olawmif;qdkcJhvJ
yef;csDq&mav; &m8smu trSm;trsm;MuD;udkarhypfedkifygw,f 'gayr,fh opömazmufvdkYawmhr&bl;
bmomw&m;udkif;&dIif;wmeJY edkifiHa&;rSmyJ
opöm&SdrItwGuf qkv'f&Sdw,f
'DaeYupNyD; rif;[m 'DedkifiH&JU
vHkjcHKa&;twGuf wm0ef&SdoGm;NyD
tpfudk avqdyfudkoGm;wJhtcgus&if
vrf;rSm tm&efqifhu tpfudkU udkowfrSmyg
NyD;&if uRefawmfutm&ifqifhudkowfzdkY
pDpOfxm;wmyg
rif;&JUtoufudkpGefYvTwfay;cJhwJh tpdk;&u
rif;&JU&dk;om;rIudk edrfhcsaew,f
rif; ighudkowfr,f NyD;&if jynfolawGu a'goawGxGufr,f
NyD;awmh olwdkYudkacRodyfzdkYtwGuf rif;&JUtoufudkvnf;pGefYvTwf&rSmyJ
igh&JUtvkyfu &m*smudktqHk;owfzdkYyJ
NyD;awmh &m*smuvnf;aoqHk;&r,f
rif;twGuf'DrSmrvHkjcHKawmhbl;
igwdkYeJYtwl rav;&Sm;udkvdkufcJhyg
tpfudk uRefawmfhudkcsrf;omay;cJhwmyJ
tpfudk uRefawmf'gudkb,fawmhrSrarhygbl;
igcGifhvTwfwmr[kwfygbl; bk&m;ocifutm;vHk;upDpOfxm;wmyg
ol bmaMumifh'Dwnfhwnfudkarmif;vm&wmvJ
av,mOfeJYc&D;oGm;&wmu ightwGuf tNrJwrf;pdefac:rItMuD;rm;qHk;tvkyfyJ
rif; bmvdkYigh&JUvufudkudkifxm;&wmvJ
q&maus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmh xdkifay;yg
-q&m aus;Zl;jyKNyD;awmhae&mra&TUygeJY -igaMumufaew,f jywif;aygufem;uxdkifcHkrSmxdkifrSjzpfr,f
tck rif;igh&JUtaMumufw&m;awGvGifhjy,foGm;atmifvkyfay;
bm